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Eleazar (; ) or Elazar was a kohen in the Hebrew Bible, the second High Priest, succeeding his father Aaron after he died. He was a nephew of Moses.
Leviticus 10:16–18 recounts Moses's anger towards Eleazar and Ithamar for not eating a sin offering inside the Tabernacle, which violated the regulations outlined for priests in earlier chapters of Leviticus.
During the Exodus, as the Israelites journeyed through the wilderness, Eleazar was in charge of carrying several important items: the oil for the Temple menorah, the sweet Incense offering, the daily grain offering, and the anointing oil. Additionally, he oversaw the transportation of the Ark of the Covenant, the table for showbread, the altar, and other tabernacle fittings. These items were transported by the Kohathites of clan Levi. Following the rebellion against Moses's leadership recorded in Numbers 16, Eleazar was charged with taking the rebels' bronze and hammering them into a covering for the altar, acting as a reminder of Korah's failed rebellion and the restriction of the Jewish priesthood to the Aaronites.Numbers 16:36–40
On Mount Hor, he was clothed with the sacred vestments, which Moses had taken from Aaron and placed upon Eleazar as successor to the high priest's office before Aaron's death. Eleazar held the office of high priest for over twenty years. He took part with Moses in numbering the people and assisted at the inauguration of Joshua.
He assisted in the distribution of the land after the conquest.Joshua 14:1 When he died, he "was buried at Gibeah, which had been allotted to his son Phinehas in the hill country of Ephraim". The Hill of Phinehas Joshua 24:33 . related in the Hebrew Bible is associated with the location of the village of Awarta in the section of the current day West Bank.
The high priesthood remained in the family of Eleazar until the time of Eli, into whose family it passed. Eli was a descendant of Ithamar, Eleazar's brother. Josephus The high priesthood was restored to the family of Eleazar—in the person of Zadok—after Abiathar was cast out by Solomon.Prophesied in I Sm 2:30–6; fulfilled in I Kg 2:26–7
According to Jewish tradition, Eleazar was buried in Awarta.
In the Gospel of Matthew, another Eleazar, the son of Eliud, is listed in the genealogy of Jesus as the great-grandfather of Saint Joseph, husband of Mary.
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