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Eldonia is an extinct soft-bodied cambroernid best known from the Fossil Ridge outcrops of the Burgess Shale, particularly in the 'Great Eldonia layer' in the Walcott Quarry. In addition to over 550 specimens collected by Walcott, 224 specimens of Eldonia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 0.43% of the community. Species also occur in the Chengjiang biota, and Siberia.
A specimen from the Lower Ordovician Madaoyu Formation in Hunan, South China, can be interpreted as the incomplete body of Eldonia or the similar animal. However, its annulation, the structure of the intestine and the shape of the body are more similar to those of Ottoia.
Eldonia and the other Eldoniidae form a clade, Eldonioidea, with the Rotadiscidae and the informal group known as the . The Eldonioidea are, in turn, part of the stem-ambulacrarian clade Cambroernida.
Some authors consider E. eumorpha to be a distinct genus, Stellostomites, as S. eumorphus.
" Eldonia berbera", from Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco, was determined to be a junior synonym of the paropsonemid Discophyllum peltatum in 2026.
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