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Dysdera is a of that was first described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804. They originated from Central Asia to Central Europe.

The family has gained many common names from their individual species, including the "European garden spider", the "slater-eating spider", the "sow-bug killer", the "woodlouse hunter", and the "woodlouse spider".

A bite from one of these spiders can be painful due to their large fangs and wide jaw. It may leave an itchy, swollen, or red bump, but the from one of their bites is not harmful to humans.

Description
Adults have a reddish-brown body and legs, and can grow up to long. Females are generally larger growing from , while males are about . Their six eyes are close together in an oval shape, and they have eight reddish legs, the second pair facing backward.

Dysdera live in natural shelters, which they wrap by totally white silk. The inhabitants of hot and humid forest will take any potential shelter on or close to the ground. The shelters are used to hide from predators as well as for keeping the spider warm. During the day, they are commonly found taking shelter under objects like gravel with organic material covering it, in forests beneath bark or leaf litter, and occasionally in suburban gardens.

Diet
Dysdera are one of the few known arthropods to hunt and prey on , one of their main food sources. These spiders have wide jaws and large fangs to help to overcome the solid armor-like shells of . It makes them powerful predators for their size, allowing them to dominate or kill competitors, such as or other spiders. is the only species from the Dysdera family known to prey on other spiders.

They can also excrete certain enzymes that neutralize the chemical defenses of potential prey, allowing them to subsist on other common ground-dwelling invertebrates, including , , , and small burying beetles.

Mating
Mating is mainly done during the month of April. The female is the main caregiver for the young. After mating, the male has minimal to no role in the child rearing process. Before laying the eggs, females will make a silk pouch to protect and give them shelter. She can lay up to seventy eggs at once, and will stay in the silk pouch with the eggs, protecting them and waiting for them to hatch.

Distribution
The D. crocata, , D. dubrovninnii, D. hungarica, and D. longirostris are the five species still found in Central after the last glacial period. They are also abundantly found in North African countries like and , but also in , the Iberian Peninsula, and . In the , Dysdera crocata is found from down to Georgia, and all the way across the country in . At least two species inhabit South America: in - possibly a relict species from the post-miocene era- and in , , and the central area of .

Canary Islands
Dysdera inhabits all of the archipelagos, but the most drastic variety is in the , a 22 million year old volcanic archipelago nearly off the northwestern coast of . These islands house over forty endemic species of Dysdera, thirty-six of which likely descended from a single ancestor, and six of which are associated with the oldest eastern island. On and , the spider populations are limited to the highest elevation.

The most likely reason that these spiders are so abundant on the Canary Islands is due to the abundance of species on the nearby Iberian Peninsula and North Africas. Groups like Dysdera crocata and Dysdera erythrina, found on two neighboring lands, are found more often than and Dysdera longirostris, found also in North Africa and Iberia. Over time, these spiders either made their way to the islands or diversified when adapting to the different environments found in the islands.

In total, two to four colonization events are assumed. This probably happened by , or even more likely by transport on , for Dysdera is not known to use ballooning. Dydera lancerotensis is the only species where an independent origin from continental ancestors is unquestionable; it was originally described as a subspecies of Dysdera crocata. While some of the remaining archipelagos have been colonized from the Canaries, the have been independently colonized from the continent.

The radiation of Dysdera is surpassed on the Canary Islands only by the genus , the genus Dolichoiulus, and the genera Attalus and Laparocerus.

Species 
it contains 297 species.

A study published in 2021 used an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular evidence to describe 8 species new to science as well as re-describing and synonymising some existing species.

  • Gasparo, 2010 – Italy
  • D. aciculata Simon, 1882 – Algeria
  • Kroneberg, 1875 – Central Asia, Iran? Introduced to Croatia
  • D. adriatica Kulczyński, 1897 – Austria, Balkans
  • Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
  • Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
  • D. akpinarae Varol, 2016 – Turkey
  • D. alegranzaensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. alentejana Ferrández, 1996 – Portugal
  • D. ambulotenta Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
  • D. anatoliae Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
  • D. andamanae Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • Caporiacco, 1928 – Italy, Albania
  • Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Selvagens Is.
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • D. apenninica Alicata, 1964 – Italy
    • Dysdera a. aprutiana Alicata, 1964 – Italy
  • D. arabiafelix Gasparo & van Harten, 2006 – Yemen
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Oman
  • D. arabisenen Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
  • Gasparo, 2004 – Italy
  • Charitonov, 1956 – Armenia, Georgia
  • Lissner, 2017 – Spain (Majorca)
  • Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia
  • Nosek, 1905 – Turkey, Iran (?)
  • Denis, 1954 – Morocco
  • D. atlantica Simon, 1909 – Morocco
  • D. aurgitana Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
  • D. azerbajdzhanica Charitonov, 1956 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • D. balearica , 1873 – Spain (Majorca)
  • Schmidt, 1973 – Canary Is.
  • D. baratellii Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • D. bellimundi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Montenegro, Albania
  • Denis, 1966 – Libya
  • Taczanowski, 1874 – French Guiana
  • Fage, 1931 – Spain
  • D. bidentata Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
  • D. bogatschevi Dunin, 1990 – Georgia, Azerbaijan
  • D. borealicaucasica Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus)
  • D. bottazziae Caporiacco, 1951 – Italy, Croatia
  • D. breviseta Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. brevispina Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. brignoliana Gasparo, 2000 – Italy
  • D. brignolii Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
  • Ribera, 1993 – Morocco
  • D. calderensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • D. castillonensis Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
  • D. catalonica Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Austria, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia?
  • D. centroitalica Gasparo, 1997 – Italy
  • D. cephalonica Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • D. cetophonorum (Crespo & Arnedo, 2021) – Azores
  • D. charitonowi Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
  • D. chioensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. circularis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • (Crespo & Arnedo, 2021) – Madeira
  • D. coiffaiti Denis, 1962 – Madeira
  • D. collucata Dunin, 1991 – Armenia
  • L. Koch, 1878 – Azerbaijan, Iran (?)
  • D. corallina Risso, 1826 – Spain, France
  • D. corfuensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Albania, Greece (Corfu)
  • , 1881 – Libya
  • D. cribellata Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
  • Simon, 1882 – France, Italy, Andorra
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Syria, Lebanon
  • C. L. Koch, 1838 – Europe, Caucasus, Iraq, Central Asia. Introduced to North America, Chile, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii
  • D. crocolita Simon, 1911 – Algeria
  • D. curviseta Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • D. cylindrica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – Pakistan
  • D. daghestanica Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus)
  • D. dentichelis Simon, 1882 – Lebanon
  • D. deserticola Simon, 1911 – Algeria
  • D. dissimilis Crespo & Arnedo, 2021, 1862 – Madeira
  • , 1862 – Madeira
  • D. dolanskyi Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Ribera, 1983 – Morocco
  • D. dubrovninnii Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – SE Europe (Balkans), Romania, Slovakia
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Caucasus (Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan)
  • (Lin, Chang & Li, 2020) – Kazakhstan, China
  • D. dysderoides (Caporiacco, 1947) – Ethiopia
  • D. edumifera Ferrández, 1983 – Spain
  • Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • D. enguriensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • D. erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802) () – Southwestern and Western to Central Europe
  • Ribera & Ferrández, 1986 – Spain
  • D. esquiveli Ribera & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
  • Crespo & Arnedo, 2021 – Madeira
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • D. falciformis Barrientos & Ferrández, 1982 – Spain
  • D. fedtschenkoi Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
  • D. ferghanica Dunin, 1985 – Kyrgyzstan
  • D. ferrandezi (Barrientos & Hernández-Corral, 2022) – Spain
  • Simon, 1882 – France (Corsica), Spain (Balearic Is.)?
  • Caporiacco, 1929 – Greece (Rhodes)
  • D. flagellata Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
  • D. flagellifera Caporiacco, 1947 – Italy
    • Dysdera f. aeoliensis Alicata, 1973 – Italy
  • D. flavitarsis Simon, 1882 – Spain
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Rhodes)
  • Varol & Danışman, 2018 – Turkey
  • Simon, 1882 – Portugal, Spain, France
  • D. fustigans Alicata, 1966 – Italy
  • Dimitrov, 2018 – Turkey
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • D. garrafensis Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Israel
  • D. ghilarovi Dunin, 1987 – Azerbaijan
  • D. gibbifera Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Roewer, 1928 – Greece (Crete)
  • Dunin, 1991 – Georgia
  • Ribera & Arnedo, 1994 – Canary Is.
  • D. gomerensis , 1911 – Canary Is.
  • Řezáč, 2018 – France
  • D. granulata Kulczyński, 1897 – Italy, Balkans, Albania
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • Arnedo & Ribera, 1999 – Canary Is.
  • D. halkidikii Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Macedonia, Greece
  • Simon, 1911 – Algeria
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
  • D. hernandezi Arnedo & Ribera, 1999 – Canary Is.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Crete)
  • Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • Denis, 1945 – Algeria
  • D. hungarica Kulczyński, 1897 – Central Europe to Azerbaijan
    • Dysdera h. atra Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia, Azerbaijan
    • Dysdera h. subalpina Dunin, 1992 – Russia (Caucasus)
  • D. iguanensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • D. imeretiensis Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
  • D. incertissima Denis, 1961 – Morocco
  • D. incognita Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Europe, Caucasus)
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • D. inopinata Dunin, 1991 – Georgia
  • Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
  • D. isambertoi Crespo & Cardoso, 2021 – Madeira
  • Gasparo & Arnedo, 2009 – Italy (Sardinia)
  • D. karabachica Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
  • Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece
  • Doblika, 1853 – Italy, Balkans, Greece, Turkey
  • Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece, Turkey
  • D. kronebergi Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Switzerland
  • D. kugitangica Dunin, 1992 – Turkmenistan
  • D. kulczynskii Simon, 1914 – France, Italy
  • D. kusnetsovi Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
  • D. labradaensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alicata, 1964 – Italy
  • D. lancerotensis Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
  • D. lantosquensis Simon, 1882 – France, Italy
  • Reuss, 1834 – Mediterranean to Georgia
  • D. laterispina Pesarini, 2001 – Greece
  • D. leprieuri Simon, 1882 – Algeria
  • Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • D. ligustica Gasparo, 1997 – Italy
  • D. limitanea Dunin, 1985 – Turkmenistan
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • D. liostetha Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
  • D. littoralis Denis, 1962 – Morocco
  • Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. longimandibularis Nosek, 1905 – Turkey, Cyprus
  • D. longirostris Doblika, 1853 – Central to south-eastern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
  • Simon, 1907 – Egypt
  • D. lucidipes Simon, 1882 – Algeria
    • Dysdera l. melillensis Simon, 1911 – Morocco
  • D. lusitanica Kulczyński, 1915 – Portugal, Spain
  • Ferrández, 1996 – Portugal, Spain
  • Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
  • Arnedo, 2007 – Canary Is.
  • Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Canary Is.
  • Gasparo, 2003 – Lebanon
  • Dunin, 1991 – Caucasus (Russia, Georgia)
  • D. mauritanica Simon, 1909 – Morocco
    • Dysdera m. aurantiaca Simon, 1909 – Morocco
  • Thorell, 1873 – Algeria, Hungary?, Slovakia?, USA?
  • Dunin, 1991 – Armenia, Azerbaijan
  • D. meschetiensis Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
  • D. microdonta Gasparo, 2014 – Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Serbia
  • D. mikhailovi (Fomichev & Marusik, 2021) – Tajikistan
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Rhodes)
  • D. minutissima Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • D. montanetensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. monterossoi Alicata, 1964 – Italy
  • Řezáč, 2014 – Germany to Romania
  • D. mucronata Simon, 1911 – Morocco, Spain
  • D. murphyorum Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Albania, Greece (Corfu)
  • D. nakhchivanica Beydizade, Shafaie & Guseinov, 2018 – Azerbaijan
  • Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
  • D. neocretica Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Crete), Turkey
  • Simon, 1907 – Selvagens Is., Canary Is.
  • D. nicaeensis Thorell, 1873 – France, Italy
  • Canestrini, 1868 – Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia
  • Simon, 1911 – Tunisia
  • Simon, 1882 – France (Corsica), Italy
  • Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • Ferrández, 1996 – Spain
  • Alicata, 1973 – Italy
  • D. paganettii Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Italy
  • Dunin, 1992 – Tajikistan
  • D. pandazisi Hadjissarantos, 1940 – Greece
  • D. paucispinosa Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Caporiacco, 1941 – Italy
  • D. pectinata Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Bulgaria, Macedonia, Greece
  • D. pharaonis Simon, 1907 – Egypt
  • Dunin, 1985 – Turkmenistan
  • Caporiacco, 1947 – Italy
  • D. portisancti Wunderlich, 1995 – Madeira
  • D. portsensis Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • D. pradesensis Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • D. praepostera Denis, 1961 – Morocco
  • (Crespo, 2021) – Madeira
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Croatia, Montenegro, Greece
  • D. pristiphora Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
  • C. L. Koch, 1838 – Southern Europe, Slovakia?, Georgia?
  • D. punctocretica Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece (Corfu)
  • D. pyrenaica Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • D. quindecima Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
  • Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • D. ratonensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Simon, 1909 – Morocco
  • D. recondita (Crespo & Arnedo, 2021) – Madeira
  • Charitonov, 1956 – Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia
  • Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
  • Gasparo & Di Franco, 2008 – Italy
  • D. romantica Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • Denis, 1961 – Morocco
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey, Greece
  • Simon, 1882 – France
  • D. rugichelis Simon, 1907 – Canary Is.
  • Pesarini, 2001 – Italy
  • D. sanborondon Arnedo, Oromí & Ribera, 2000 – Canary Is.
  • (Crespo, 2021) – Madeira
  • Dunin, 1990 – Azerbaijan
  • D. scabricula Simon, 1882 – France, Spain
  • Pesarini, 2001 – Greece
  • Denis, 1961 – Morocco
  • D. sefrensis Simon, 1911 – Morocco
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Opatova & Arnedo, 2009 – Italy (Sardinia)
  • D. sibyllina Arnedo, 2007 – Canary Is.
  • D. sibyllinica Kritscher, 1956 – Italy
  • Alicata, 1965 – Italy
  • D. silvatica Schmidt, 1981 – Canary Is.
  • Macías-Hernández & Arnedo, 2010 – Canary Is.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Syria, Israel, Lebanon
  • D. snassenica Simon, 1911 – Morocco, Algeria
    • Dysdera s. collina Simon, 1911 – Morocco
  • Karsch, 1881 – Libya
  • Walckenaer, 1837 – Colombia
  • Charitonov, 1956 – Georgia
  • D. spinicrus Simon, 1882 – Balkans, Greece, Syria
  • D. spinidorsa Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • D. stahlavskyi Řezáč, 2018 – France
  • D. subcylindrica Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia
  • D. subnubila Simon, 1907 – Italy, Tunisia, Egypt
  • D. subsquarrosa Simon, 1914 – France, Italy
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece, Turkey
  • Denis, 1945 – Morocco
  • D. tartarica Kroneberg, 1875 – Central Asia
  • D. tbilisiensis Mcheidze, 1979 – Georgia
  • D. tenuistyla Denis, 1961 – Morocco
  • D. teixeirai Crespo & Cardoso, 2021 – Madeira
  • Varol & Akpınar, 2016 – Turkey
  • D. tilosensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • (Crespo & Arnedo, 2021) – Madeira
  • Gasparo, 2008 – Turkey
  • D. tredecima Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • Varol, 2016 – Turkey
  • D. tystshenkoi Dunin, 1989 – Turkmenistan
  • D. ukrainensis Charitonov, 1956 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Georgia
  • Řezáč, 2018 – Spain
  • D. unguimmanis Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
  • D. valentina Ribera, 2004 – Spain
  • Ferrández, 1984 – Spain
  • D. ventricosa Grasshoff, 1959 – Italy
  • D. vermicularis , 1936 – Cape Verde Is.
  • Simon, 1883 – Canary Is.
  • D. vesiculifera Simon, 1882 – Algeria
  • Gasparo, 2003 – Lebanon
  • Ribera & Ferrández, 1986 – Spain
  • Ribera, Ferrández & Blasco, 1986 – Canary Is.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Greece
  • D. westringi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 – Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq
  • D. yguanirae Arnedo & Ribera, 1997 – Canary Is.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988 – Turkey
  • Charitonov, 1956 – Central Asia, Afghanistan
  • D. zonsteini (Dimitrov, 2021) – Turkmenistan

Further reading
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