The Dreamachine (a contraction of Dream Machine), invented in 1959 by Brion Gysin and Ian Sommerville, is a Stroboscope flickering light art device that produces visual stimuli.
Description
In its original form, a Dreamachine is a work of
light art made from a cylinder with regularly spaced shapes cut out of its sides. The cylinder is then placed on a
phonograph and rotated, depending on the scale, at either 78 or 45 revolutions per minute. A light bulb is suspended in the center of the cylinder with the rotation speed making light emanate from the holes at a consistently pulsating frequency range of 8–13 flickers per second. It is meant to be looked at through closed eyelids, upon which moving
yantra-like mandala visual patterns emerge, and an
alpha wave mental state is induced. The frequency of the pulsations corresponds to the electrical
normally present in the human brain while
relaxing. In 1996, the
Los Angeles Times deemed
David Woodard's iteration of the Dreamachine "the most interesting object" in Burroughs' major visual retrospective
Ports of Entry at LACMA.
[Knight, C., "The Art of Randomness", Los Angeles Times, August 1, 1996. .][Bolles, D., "Dream Weaver", LA Weekly, July 26–August 1, 1996.] In a 2019 critical study, Raj Chandarlapaty, a scholar of the
Beat movement, revisits and examines Woodard's "idea-shattering" approach to the Dreamachine.
[Chandarlapaty, R., "Woodard and Renewed Intellectual Possibilities", in Seeing the Beat Generation (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2019), pp. 142–146.]
The Dreamachine is the subject of the National Film Board of Canada 2008 feature documentary film FLicKeR, by Nik Sheehan.
The same flickering light effect is used in modern electronic devices known as .
Use
A Dreamachine is "viewed" with the eyes closed: the pulsating light stimulates the
optic nerve and thus alters the brain's electrical oscillations. As users adjust to the experience, they see increasingly complex animated
yantra-like patterns of color behind their closed eyelids (similar effects may be seen when travelling as a passenger in a car or bus; close your eyes as the vehicle passes through the flickering shadows cast by regularly spaced roadside trees, streetlights or tunnel striplights—these were the
Hypnagogia effects Brion Gysin said he sought to recreate with the device). It is claimed that by using a Dreamachine meditatively, users enter an
alpha wave, or
hypnagogic.
This experience may sometimes be quite intense, but to escape from it, one needs only to open one's eyes.
The Dreamachine may be dangerous for persons with photosensitive epilepsy or other
anxiety disorder.
It is thought that one out of 10,000 adults will experience a seizure while viewing the device; about twice as many children will have a similar ill effect.[.]
Unboxed
The 2022 touring festival included a Dreamachine project involving a series of microcontroller-controlled lights rather than a rotating cylinder, and a surround-sound soundtrack by
Jon Hopkins. The experience was scaled up to use an octagonal facility two storeys high with a capacity of about 20 people at once in a circular seating arrangement.
It was praised by a reviewer in
The Guardian as "as close to state-funded psychedelic drugs as you can get".
See also
Notes
Further reading
External links
