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Dikaryon
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The dikaryon (karyogamy) is a feature that is unique to certain . (The green alga had been long considered an exception,van den Hoek, C., D.G. Mann, and H.M. Jahns 1995. Algae: an introduction to phycology, p. 430. Cambridge University Press (623 pp). until the hypothesis was challenged by later studies.) Compatible cell-types can fuse cytoplasms (). When this occurs, the two nuclei of two cells pair off and cohabit without fusing (). This can be maintained for all the cells of the by dividing so that pairs are passed to newer cells. In the this attribute is most often found in the ascogenous hyphae and ascocarp while the bulk of the mycelium remains monokaryotic. In the this is the dominant phase, with most Basidiomycota weakly growing and short-lived.

The formation of a dikaryon is a character for the subkingdom , which consists of the and the . The formation of croziers in the Ascomycota and of in the Basidiomycota facilitates maintenance of the dikaryons. However, some fungi in each of these have evolved other methods for maintaining the dikaryons, and therefore neither croziers nor clamp connections are ubiquitous in either phylum.


Etymology
The name dikaryon comes from the δι- (di-) meaning "two" and κάρυον (karyon) meaning "nut", referring to the .


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