Dikarya is a subkingdom of Fungi that includes the divisions Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, both of which in general produce , may be hypha or unicellular, but are always without flagella. The Dikarya are most of the so-called "higher fungi", but also include many species that would have been classified as molds in historical literature.[ the two divisions regularly group together.][ In a 1998 publication, Thomas Cavalier-Smith referred to this group as the Neomycota.][
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Phylogeny
The 2007 classification of Kingdom Fungi is the result of a large-scale collaborative research effort involving dozens of mycologists and other scientists working on fungal taxonomy.[ It recognizes seven phylum within the Fungi, two of which—the Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota—are contained within a branch representing subkingdom Dikarya. The cladogram depicts the major fungal Taxon and their relationship to opisthokont and unikont organisms. The lengths of the branches in this tree are not proportional to evolutionary distances.
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Sexual reproduction
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Ascomycota
The phylum Ascomycota, or sac fungus, is characterized by formation of meiosis spores called enclosed in a special sac called an ascus. The genetic components for sexual reproduction appear to be produced by all members of this group.
Basidiomycota
The phylum Basidiomycota can be divided into three major lineages: , rusts and smuts. Fusion of haploid nuclei (karyogamy) occurs in the basidia, club-shaped end cells. Shortly after formation of the diploid cell, meiosis occurs and the resulting four haploid nuclei migrate into four, usually external cells called .
Adaptive function
Sexual reproduction has been proposed to have evolved in both the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota as an adaptation for DNA repair via homologous recombination under stressful conditions.
See also
External links
