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Diauehi (Modern დიაოხი , Urartian Diauehi, Greek language Τάοχοι Taochoi, Armenian Տայք Tayk, possibly Assyrian Daiaeni) was a Tribe union located in northeastern Anatolia, that was recorded in and Urartian sources during the Iron Age. It is usually (though not always) identified with the earlier Daiaeni (Dayaeni), attested in the Yonjalu inscription of the Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser I's third year (1118 BC) and in later records by Shalmaneser III (845 BC). While it is unknown what language(s) they spoke, they may have been speakers of a Kartvelian,A. G. Sagona. Archaeology at the North-East Anatolian Frontier, p. 30. Armenians,Hrach Martirosyan (2014). "Origins and Historical Development of the Armenian Language". Leiden University: 9. Retrieved 9 October 2019. p. 8.A.V. Dumikyan (2016). "Taik in The Assyrian and Biainian Cuneiform Inscriptions, Ancient Greek and Early Medieval Armenian Sources (the Interpretations of the 19th Century French Armenologists)" Fundamental Armenology No. 2 4.Armen Petrosyan (September 1, 2010). The Armenian Elements In The Language And Onomastics Of Urartu. Association For Near Eastern And Caucasian Studies. p. 137. Iranian, or Hurrians language.
The region of Diauehi seems to have roughly corresponded to,Levan Gordzeiani. "Some Remarks on Qulḫa." Over the Mountains and Far Away: Studies in Near Eastern history and archaeology presented to Mirjo Salvini on the occasion of his 80th birthday. eds. Pavel S. Avetisyan, Roberto Dan and Yervand H. Grekyan. Archaeopress Archaeology. 2019. pp. 242-243. [2] or bordered, the previous Hayasa-Azzi territory.
Menua's son Argishti I (785–763 BC), campaigned against the Diauehi kingdom in 783.Trevor Bryce. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire. Routledge. 2009. p. 193. Argishti I defeated King Utupursi, annexing his possessions․ In exchange for his life, Utupursi was forced to pay a tribute including a variety of metals and livestock. Toward the end of his reign, Argishti I led yet another campaign against Utuspursi, who led a rebellion against the Urartians.
According to Robert H. Hewsen, they may have been speakers of a language unrelated to any other in the Caucasus region.
However, they are mentioned by Diodorus Siculus as Xaoi, which Hewsen etymologizes as a Greek form of the Armenian People endonym, Hayk'.Robert H. Hewsen. Armenia: A Historical Atlas. University of Chicago Press. 2001. p. 30.
Massimo Forlanini proposed a connection between the name of the Diaeuhi tribe, Baltu, and the Hayasa-Azzi deity, Baltaik. He also compared these to the name of the Hayasan mercenary, Waltahi.Massimo Forlanini. The Ancient Land of “Northern” Kummaḫa and Aripša: “Inside the Sea”. Places and Spaces in Hittite Anatolia I: Hatti and the East Proceedings of an International Workshop on Hittite Historical Geography in Istanbul, 25th-26th October 2013
The Daiaeni were powerful enough to counter the Assyrian forays, although in 1112 BC their king, Sien, was defeated by Tiglath-Pileser I. Sien was captured and later released on terms of vassalage.
Daiaeni appeared again in Assyrian texts nearly three centuries later when King Asia of Daiaeni (850–825 BC) was forced to submit to the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III in 845 BC, after the latter had overrun Urartu and made a foray into Daiaeni.
As the Daiaeni of Assyrian records seem to have been located further south than the Diaeuhi of Urartian records, Robert H. Hewsen and Nicholas Adontz proposed that the Diaieni originally inhabited a region between Palu and either Mush Province or Lake Van. They then moved north to Kars Province, where they battled the Urartians and later encountered Greek mercenaries, including Xenophon. They subsequently moved further northwest.
Archibald Sayce suggested that Daiaeni was named after an eponymous founder, Diaus, and thus meant "people of the land/tribe of Diau(s)".A.H. Sayce. Cambridge Ancient History, vol. XX. (1925). pp. 169–186. [3]
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Connection to Daiaeni (Dayaeni)
Some scholars have linked the Diaeuhi to the Bronze Age Daiaeni (Dayaeni) tribe, mentioned in 12th century BC Assyrian sources as being part of the Nairi.The Armenians — Page 27 by Elizabeth Redgate, A. E. (Anne Elizabeth) Redgate Grayson, IL, 1976 (pp. 12-13)James Henry Breasted, ed. Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia
/ref> This connection is mainly due to the phonetic similarities of the names Daiaeni and Diaeuhi.
Onomastics
Daiaeni rulers
Diauehi rulers
Diauehi tribes
Diauehi districts
Diauehi cities
See also
Explanatory notes
Further reading
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