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Daruvar is a spa town and municipality in Slavonia, northeastern Croatia, with a population of 8,567. The area including the surrounding villages (Daruvarski Vinogradi, Doljani, Donji Daruvar, Gornji Daruvar, Lipovac Majur, Ljudevit Selo, Markovac, and Vrbovac) had a population of 11,633 in 2011.
It is located in the foothills of Papuk mountain and along the Toplica River. The main political and cultural centre of the Czech national minority in Croatia, Daruvar has a winemaking tradition reportedly dating back more than 2,000 years.
As allies of the Roman Empire, the tribes provided support to Roman Emperor Augustus during the siege of Siscia (today's Sisak). In the year 35CE, Jasi were granted local autonomy known as Jasoru Republic. The center was Aquae Balissae, meaning very strong springs.
In the year 124, during the reign of Hadrian, the area gained additional autonomy as Municipium Iassorum. Stretching between the rivers Sava and Drava, on the roads which ran between Siscia-Mursa, (Sisak- Osijek), Salona–Aquincum, and Sirmium–Poetovio, the town was easy to access. After Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Septimius Severus, and Constantine I all visited Aquae Balissae's Thermal bath complex, its decorated temple, its forum, and its amphitheatre (although it was smaller than the one in Pula).
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the destruction of local tribes by Avar Kaghanate in 6th century, this area was resettled by Croats, a Slavic tribe that reached the Balkans in 7th century.
In the 11th century the region became part of a mightier entity, that of Križevci, a rapidly growing and politically important city. It became part of the archdiocese of Zagreb mentioned by legislators for the first time in 1334.
Since the city was on a busy crossroads, there were four trading points within the valley — Četvrtkovac, Dimičkovine, Podborje, and Toplice ( toplice = "spas" in Croatian). For more than a millennium, the spas continued to attract people as a destination. The population in that period was exclusively Catholic Church.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, all that changed. Expansion of the Ottoman Empire disrupted the steady development, and Turkic peoples occupied lands here in 1543. The Monastery of St King Ladislaus was degraded, becoming a Turkish defensive post looking into the Krajina, a military zone created to protect the Habsburg Empire just west of the city. Local people fled from Turks.
In 1699 the Habsburg Empire expelled the Turks. The ethnically mixed area came under the rule of Vienna in 1745. Podborje, Sirač, and Pakrac were bought by count Antun Janković, who in 1771 renamed Podborje as Daruvar, ( daru = "crane" in Hungarian), after a building of his called the Crane's castle.
In 1837 Daruvar was declared a free city by decree of monarch Ferdinand I. The monarch's government recruited migrant farmers from southern Bavaria and other areas to repopulate the area and re-establish agriculture in the Danube River valley. They also recruited people skilled in and trade. Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Italians (around so called Little Italy), and others were invited to come. The government promised that they could practice their own religions (most were Catholic) and languages.
The DVD "Tvornica pumpi MPD" was founded in Daruvar in 1850.
The Daruvar Manor was renovated in 1868-1870 under the supervision of the Viennese architect Koenig.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Daruvar was part of the Požega County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. Parts of Daruvar's suburbs were briefly captured by militants from the Serbian Autonomous Oblast of Western Slavonia during the Croatian War of Independence.
The Czech population is of significant size having its own newspaper, schools, societies and clubs ( Česká beseda or 'Czech word', Jednota or 'Unity' in Czech language), and publishing company. The entire area (Veliki Zdenci, Grubisno Polje, Končanica), is actually bilingual with Czech language being the second official language. There are numerous local ethnic festivities celebrating important points in different cultures; for example youth meetings, harvest celebrations, as well as events geared toward the city's Czech community and celebration of local Czech culture.
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Czechs and Serbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to each elect their own 15 members minority council of the City of Daruvar while Hungarians were electing individual representative.
Daruvarske Toplice is a special hospital complex for rehabilitation specializing in treatment of female fertility (primary and secondary infertility), with two for esthetic surgery. Warm waters (33 to 47 Celsius) are also used in postoperative rehabilitation, treatment of , rheumatism, the trauma of bones, hips, Human head, vertebral column, and locomotion. More spas are around Pakrac and Lipik, where there is also a mineral water bottling plant. The park within the complex is positioned containing 65 different kind of trees such as a 250-year-old Ginkgo biloba tree from China, variegation from Arizona, and others. Hotel Termal, renovated and extended in 1996, is also here. A smaller hotel, Balisse, is a few minutes walking distance away in the traffic-friendly downtown.
Fish is cultivated in around Končanica and processed within Irida. Here are local high quality vines as Graševina (ranking the highest), Rhein Riesling, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon blanc. Here fruit, maize, wheat, meat, and other agriculture products are produced for local, national, and wider markets. Dalit, created in 1905, is a metal processing plant, once one of the biggest in what was once Yugoslavia, employing today 320, but in the late 1970s almost 2,000 people. A flat glass factory is in Lipik. There are small graphics and printing ( Daruvarska Tiskara d.d., Logos) facilities and the textile plant Vesna, which employs around 200. Growing is the importance of trade, tourism, and communication. 2300 people are employed, one-third of them women.
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