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Cosmetidae
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Cosmetidae is a family of in the suborder . With over 700 species, it is one of the largest families in . They are endemic of the with a - distribution where a large fraction of the diversity of Opiliones are represented by this single family. Cosmetidae have the northern extent of their range into the USA, where a small number species occur in the southern states. However, the family is especially diverse in , and northern ; especially the Andean realms. Their range also extends further south into and southern , but they are absent in . Cosmetidae are prevalent in Amazonian region, but only relatively few also occur in Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Several species are also found in the .

Description
This family comprises members that may have elaborate white or yellow (but rarely also green/orange/red) markings such as stripes and spots on the dorsal body and peculiar pedipalps strongly compressed and applied on the chelicerae. Some aspects of diagnosis are as follows
  • Eye mound is very low, saddle shaped, placed on middle of cephalothorax, each ocular globe bears a crest of small pointed tubercles or is smooth. Ozopores slit-like, one opening partially covered by tubercle of coxa II. Scutal areas are often indistinct; sometimes the sulci can be distinguished by color pattern or absence of tubercles; scutum and tergites are typically weakly armed.
  • Genitalia. Penis are standard gonyleptoid and very conservative, with rectangular ventral plate, puffed sac-glans, well-developed thumb-like dorsal process.
See more details in Kury & Pinto-da-Rocha (2007).

Etymology
The family name is derived from the , which is from the kosmetós 'ornate'.

Taxonomy
As of 2006, there are 125 genera and 712 species described. Most species belong to (153 spp), (102 spp), and (30 spp each). However, there is no reason to believe most of genera of cosmetids are natural groups, except for a few like , (Kury, 2003) and (Ferreira & Kury 2010). Attempts to organize the family in supra-specific units are hindered by the poorly resolved basic taxonomy.

The family was divided into two subfamilies for many years as: and .

Relationships
Cosmetidae is the sister-group of and both are closely related to the and (Kury, 1992).

The family was subsequently divided into seven subfamilies as:

Koch, 1839
Mello-Leitão, 1933
Roewer, 1923
Medrano, Kury & Mendes, 2021
Medrano, Kury & Mendes, 2021
Medrano, Kury & Mendes, 2021
Medrano, Kury & Mendes, 2021
Medrano, Kury & Mendes, 2021

Below is a scheme of genera now placed into revised subfamilies. Many currently recognised genera remain unplaced in subfamilies.

+ Cosmetid genera by different authors (many genera absent) !Genus (see below) !!Roewer !! Goodnight & Goodnight !! Medrano, Kury & Mendes
Perty, 1833: (?) "Paecil."
Roewer, 1912: "Cyno."
Koch, 1839: "Paecil."
Sørensen, 1932- (?)
Koch, 1839: "Cyno."
Roewer, 1912: "Cyno."
Roewer, 1912: "Cyno."
Roewer, 1912: "Vono."
Roewer, 1912
Vonones Simon, 1879: "Vono."
Gryne Simon, 1879
Simon, 1879
Yao & Xing, 2022--
Roewer, 1912
Protus Simon, 1879
Mello-Leitão, 1931
Roewer, 1917
Roewer, 1947?| style="background: #FFCFFC;"
Roewer, 1912?| style="background: #FFCFFC;"
Roewer, 1943?| style="background: #FFCFFC;"
Koch, 1839: "Cyno."
Roewer, 1928?| style="background: #FADA5E;"
Roewer, 1925> : "Paecil."
Mello-Leitão, 1943: "Vono."
Simon, 1879: "Vono."
di Caporiacco, 1951--| style="background: #9ACD32;"
Šilhavý, 1971--| style="background: #F38FA9;"
Roewer, 1912: "Cyno."
F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905: "Paecil."
Roewer, 1912: "Paecil."
Roewer, 1912?| style="background: #F38FA9;"
Roewer, 1928?| style="background: #F38FA9;"
Roewer, 1928?| style="background: #F38FA9;"
Rhaucus Simon, 1879: "Cyno."
Šilhavý, 1970--| style="background: #F38FA9;"
Acritas Sørensen, 1932--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1952--| style="background: #9AB973"
Roewer, 1952--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1952--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1925
-
Roewer, 1947--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1912: "Cyno."
Roewer, 1925--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Kury & Barros, 2014--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1928--| style="background: #9AB973;"
Roewer, 1912--| style="background: #9AB973;"

The following genera are recognised, but unplaced in a subfamily: In:

External links
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