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Cirebon (, formerly rendered Cheribon or Chirebon in English) is a port city on the northern coast of the island of Java island. It is the only coastal city of West Java, located about 40 km west of the provincial border with Central Java, approximately east of Jakarta, at . It had a population of 296,389 at the 2010 censusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 333,303 at the 2020 census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 344,851 (comprising 173,052 males and 171,799 females).
The built-up area of Cirebon reaches out from the city and into the surrounding Cirebon Regency; the official metropolitan area encompasses the whole of this regency as well as the city, and covers an area of , with a 2010 census population of 2,363,585; the 2020 census total was 2,603,924 and the official estimate as at mid 2024 was 2,732,822.
Straddling the border between West and Central Java, Cirebon's history has been influenced by both Sundanese people and Javanese people culture as well as Arab Indonesians and Chinese, and is the seat of a former Sultanate.
According to the manuscript Purwaka Caruban Nagari, Cirebon started as a small fishing village in the 15th century named Muara Jati which attracted foreign traders. The port master at that time was Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang, appointed by the king of Galuh kingdom, located inland in Kawali, Ciamis Regency. He later moved the port to Lemahwungkuk, to the south. As the new settlement leader, Ki Gedeng Alang-Alang was bestowed with the title "Kuwu Cerbon" (Cerbon village leader).
A 15th-century prince from Sunda Kingdom, Prince Walangsungsang, converted to Islam and was appointed as the Adipati (Duke) of Cirebon with the title Cakrabumi. He established the new kingdom of Cirebon and declared independence from Sunda and Galuh. The establishment of the Cirebon Sultanate marked the first Islamic rule in western Java, transforming Muara Jati into a busy port. Cirebon was an independent sultanate under the leadership of Sunan Gunungjati in the early 16th century. After the Sunda Kingdom collapsed, the Sultanates of Banten and Mataram fought over control of Cirebon, which declared its allegiance to Sultan Agung of Mataram, whose grandson Amangkurat II ceded the city to the Dutch in 1677. In 1705, a treaty saw the Cirebon area west of Cisanggarung River become a Dutch protectorate jointly administered by three sultans whose courts rivalled those of Central Java. The Dutch authorities later established the Cirebon Residency ( Residentie Tjirebon) which was composed of present-day Cirebon, Indramayu, and Kuningan.
During the time of the Dutch "Culture System" a flourishing trade in colonial cash crops attracted many Chinese entrepreneurs and that influence is still evident in the batik for which Cirebon is famous. Cirebon suffered a famine in 1844, apparently triggered by a combination of drought and the shift from subsistence agriculture to cash crops, particularly indigo and sugarcane, enforced by Dutch's Cultivation system.
| 32.74.01 | Kejaksan | 4.45 | 42,300 | 45,966 | 46,895 | 10,538 | Kesenden | 4 |
| 32.74.02 | Lemahwungkuk | 7.16 | 52,811 | 57,503 | 58,710 | 8,200 | Pegambiran | 4 |
| 32.74.03 | Harjamukti | 17.62 | 102,158 | 123,089 | 130,698 | 7,418 | Kalijaga | 5 |
| 32.74.04 | Pekalipan | 1.59 | 28,927 | 29,742 | 29,700 | 18,679 | Pekalipan | 4 |
| 32.74.05 | Kesambi | 8.66 | 70,193 | 77,003 | 78,848 | 9,105 | Kesambi | 5 |
| Totals | 39.48 | 296,389 | 333,303 | 344,851 | 8,735 | Kejaksan | 22 |
The five districts are sub-divided into twenty-two urban villages ( kelurahan) which are listed below with their populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with their post codes:
| Kode Wilayah ! District ( kecamatan) ! Village ( kelurahan) ! Pop'n 2010 census ! Pop'n 2020 census ! Post code | |||||
| 32.74.01.1001 | Kejaksan | Kejaksan | 8,959 | 9,086 | 45123 |
| 32.74.01.1002 | Kejaksan | Sukapura | 13,341 | 14,502 | 45122 |
| 32.74.01.1003 | Kejaksan | Kesenden | 11,875 | 13,475 | 45121 |
| 32.74.01.1004 | Kejaksan | Kebonbaru | 8,125 | 8,823 | 45121 |
| 32.74.03.1001 | Harjamukti | Kalijaga | 29,550 | 36,627 | 45154 |
| 32.74.03.1002 | Harjamukti | Harjamukti | 18,725 | 21,936 | 45153 |
| 32.74.03.1003 | Harjamukti | Kecapi | 22,222 | 23,981 | 45152 |
| 32.74.03.1004 | Harjamukti | Larangan | 14,364 | 16,111 | 45151 |
| 32.74.03.1005 | Harjamukti | Argasunya | 17,297 | 24,434 | 45155 |
| 32.74.04.1001 | Pekalipan | Jagasutra | 9,704 | 10,004 | 45115 |
| 32.74.04.1002 | Pekalipan | Pekalipan | 6,195 | 6,211 | 45117 |
| 32.74.04.1003 | Pekalipan | Pulasaren | 7,313 | 7,598 | 45116 |
| 32.74.04.1004 | Pekalipan | Pekalangan | 5,715 | 5,929 | 45118 |
| 32.74.05.1001 | Kesambi | Pekiringan | 11,198 | 11,901 | 45131 |
| 32.74.05.1002 | Kesambi | Sunyaragi | 10,779 | 12,342 | 45132 |
| 32.74.05.1003 | Kesambi | Kesambi | 9,291 | 8,690 | 45134 |
| 32.74.05.1004 | Kesambi | Drajat | 15,100 | 15,737 | 45133 |
| 32.74.05.1005 | Kesambi | Karyamulya | 23,825 | 28,333 | 45131 |
| Cirebon City | 39.48 | 296,389 | 307,319 | 333,303 | 344,851 | 8,735 |
| Cirebon Regency | 1,076.76 | 2,067,196 | 2,124,866 | 2,270,621 | 2,387,961 | 2,218 |
| Greater Cirebon | 1,116.24 | 2,363,585 | 2,432,185 | 2,603,924 | 2,732,812 | 2,448 |
Although surrounded by Sundanese-speaking areas in West Java, linguists have stated that Cirebon (and the historically related region of Serang city in Banten Province) are inside its own Cirebonese language area. In addition, this is supported by a large portion of the Cirebon people referring to themselves as "Wong Cirebon" ("Cirebonese people"), and to their language as "Basa Cirebon" ("Cirebonese"). Cirebonese language is related to Javanese and Banyumasan with dialects such as the Jawareh (half-Javanese half Sundanese), Plered, and Dermayon. There are also native Sundanese speakers in the city, who speak a local dialect known as Bahasa Sunda Cirebon (Cirebonese Sundanese language) which contains unique words not found in its Priangan counterpart.
The potential size and population of this possible Province would be as follows:
Until 2001, the economic contribution to the City of Cirebon was characterized by processing industry (41.32%), followed by trade, hotels and restaurants (29.8%), transport and communications sector (13.56%), and services sector (6.06%). Other sectors (9.26%) included mining, agriculture, construction, electricity, and gas. Aside from fishery, its harbor, Tanjung Emas, on the Java Sea has been a major hub for timber from Borneo.
Cirebon culture is also influenced by Islamic Middle Eastern culture, such as the Burokan tradition where people exhibit the image of buraq — traditionally made from the bamboo frame and paper skin, or other materials — in processions around the village accompanied with music. The traditions of the bamboo statues borne in these processions are similar to Sundanese Sisingaan, Betawi Ondel-ondel, or Balinese Ogoh-ogoh processions, yet differ in their Islamic theme. Burokan are usually held during festive occasions such as circumcision or marriage, and are accompanied by popular Cirebon folk songs, such as tarling.
Tarling is a musical tradition reminiscent of Bandung's kecapi suling music with except that it features guitar, suling (bamboo flute) and voice. The name derived from gi tar (guitar), and suling (flute).
The royal carriage of Kasepuhan's Singa Barong and Kanoman's Paksi Naga Liman carriage resembles the chimera of three animals; eagle, elephant, and dragon. These symbolize Indian Hinduism, Arabic Islam, and Chinese influences. The images of Macan Ali, Singa Barong, and Paksi Naga Liman are also often featured as patterns in Cirebon batik.
Cirebon is also known for its local cuisines and delicacies, such as empal gentong (offal curry ), mie koclok (chicken noodle soup with coconut milk), nasi lengko (rice with bean sprouts, fried tofu, and fried tempeh, topped with peanut sauce and soy sauce), nasi jamblang (rice of various side dishes), tahu gejrot (fried tofu with ground garlic, chili, and shallot, topped with thin and sweet soy sauce), tahu petis (dry fried tofu served with petis dip sauce), tahu tek-tek (fried tofu topped with peanut sauce and mixed with vegetables), ayam panggang (barbecued chicken), and docang (lontong with sour vegetable soup).
Cirebon is a palace at the same time in the city, namely Keraton Kasepuhan and Kraton Kanoman. Everything has architecture a combination of elements culture Islam, China, and Netherlands. Characteristics of the palace buildings are always facing north and there is a mosque nearby. Each palace has square as a gathering place, market and sculpture tiger in park or page forward as a symbol of King Siliwangi, the central character formation Sultanate of Cirebon. Another feature is the Ceramic porcelain original China are so trimmer wall. Some dishes supposedly derived from Europe when Cirebon so port trade center island Java.
Cirebon city park has some of them Waterpark Sunyaragi and Park of Ade Irma Suryani. Water Parks Sunyaragi has technology flow water advanced in his time, the water flows between the terraces where the princess king preening, page grass green where the knight practice, plus tower and room privileged that door was made of curtain water.
Wali Songo, especially Sunan Gunung Jati, is known to have influenced the city's history. Sunan Gunung Jati's grave is located several kilometers outside the city in the Gunung Jati district. There are two temples and a cave system built by two Chinese architects around the 1880s, decorated by Chinese and Western porcelain. The village of Trusmi, about five kilometers outside of Cirebon, has been noted for batik production. Plangon is a habitat of monkeys.
Mount Cereme, the highest peak in West Java, is a large volcano situated about to the south of Cirebon. Parks and other tourist spots on the slopes of Mt Ceremai are popular places for groups from Cirebon to visit during weekends to escape from the hotter climate on the coast. The village of Linggajati, near the town of Cilimus, (where the Linggadjati Agreement was signed) is one such place. Public transportation brings tourists and visitors here.
Cakrabhuwana Airport in Penggung, Harjamukti subdistrict also serves the TNI-AU. The city lies on Jalur Pantura ( Pantai Uta ra Jawa), a major road on the northern coast of Java that stretches from Anyer, passes through Jakarta, and ends at Surabaya.
Port activity is dominated by bulk imports of coal, liquid asphalt and vegetable oils for the West Java hinterland. Until 2002, the port also catered for minor containerization trade and . In 2006 the port handled 3.27 million metric tons (MT) of trade, more than 90 percent as imports from other Indonesian ports.
In 2009 in the city of Cirebon has been available about 6 general hospitals, four maternity hospitals, 21 health centers, 15 health centers Maid, 20 Mobile Health Center, and 81 Pharmacies and Drug Stores 31. With the number of medical personnel such as specialist doctors about 94 people, and 116 general practitioners, 37 dentists, 847 nurses, and 278 midwives.
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