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Chandos Anthems, HWV 246–256, is the common name of a set of written by George Frideric Handel. These sacred choral compositions number eleven; a twelfth of disputed authorship is not considered here. The texts are psalms and combined psalm verses in English. Handel wrote the anthems as composer in residence at Cannons, the court of James Brydges, who became the First Duke of Chandos in 1719. His chapel was not yet finished, and services were therefore held at St Lawrence in Whitchurch. The scoring is intimate, in keeping with the possibilities there. Some of the anthems rely on earlier works, and some were later revised for other purposes.
The first anthem was published in 1783, others followed in 1784.Hallesche Händel Ausgabe, Serie 3, Bd. 5 und Bd. 6 (kritischer Bericht), Kassel 1991, S. 249 "Anthem HWV 251b, published by Birchall and Beardmore, London 1783: 'Never before printed', the three volume edition with more anthems, published by Wright and Wilkinson, London 1784" With a leading Jubilate, an additional closing anthem in different scoring, and in different order, they were published in the Samuel Arnold edition of Handel's works. In the Hallische Händel-Ausgabe, anthems 1 to 11 are titled Anthems for Cannons. Carus-Verlag published an edition in 2009, calling them Cannons Anthems.
Handel probably selected and compiled the texts himself, drawing from both the Book of Common Prayer (BCP) and from a metrical version of the psalms by Nahum Tate and Nicholas Brady, published as New Version of the Psalms (NVP) in 1696. Handel used three types of selection, on top of setting a complete psalm, firstly a shortened psalm, secondly a shortened psalm with an added verse from a different psalm, and often, most advanced, a compilation of verses from several different psalms. Setting a psalm completely was familiar to him from older models, and he used it in his own settings of psalms in Latin in 1707, and in No. 1, setting the complete Psalm 100. He used the first method in setting Psalm 51, for example, in No. 3. Handel perhaps composed the anthems in pairs, sometimes reusing older material.
Ten of the anthems were published in 1784, today's numbers 2 to 11, in different order. No. 1, the Chandos Jubilate, was left out, possibly because the Utrecht Jubilate was published earlier. In the Samuel Arnold edition of Handel's works, there were twelve anthems, one in two versions, and a No. 12 added, O praise the Lord, ye angels of his. It is debated if this work was composed by Handel. Friedrich Chrysander's edition of Handel's works names these anthems simply Psalmen, and in the Hallische Händel-Ausgabe by Bärenreiter, they are titled Anthems for Cannons. Carus-Verlag published an edition of the individual anthems in 2009, calling them Cannons Anthems.
| 1 | 246 | O be joyful in the | Chandos Jubilate or Cannons Jubilate in D major | Psalm 100 (Jubilate) |
| 2 | 247 | In the put I my trust | Transcribed for orchestra by Edward Elgar in 1923 as the Overture in D minor, and by Stokowski in 1924 | Psalms 9, 11, 12, & 13 (NVP) |
| 3 | 248 | Have mercy upon me | Psalm 51 (Miserere). | |
| 4 | 249b | O come, let us sing unto the | Partly based on "O sing unto the a new song" (HWV 249a). The overture was later reused in Handel's oboe concerto No. 2 | Psalms 93 & 96 (BCP) |
| 5 | 250a | I will magnify thee | Two movements added later. The overture was later reused in Handel's oboe concerto No. 2 | Psalms 144 & 145 |
| 6 | 251b | As pants the hart | Believed to be one of the first Chandos Anthems composed, orchestrated version of HWV 251a | Psalm 42 |
| 7 | 252 | My song shall be alway | Partly derived from the "Te Deum in D" (HWV 280) | Psalm 89 |
| 8 | 253 | O come, let us sing unto the | Psalms 95 (Venite), 96, 97, 99, 103 (BCP) | |
| 9 | 254 | O praise the with one consent | Psalms 117, 135, 148 (NVP) | |
| 10 | 255 | The is my light | Psalms 18, 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 45 | |
| 11 | 256a | Let God arise | First movement of symphony added later | Psalms 68 & 76 |
Many movements rely on earlier music, and several were later expanded in new context.
The Chandos Anthems are sometimes sung by larger forces than Handel intended, as for example in a well-received recording of three of the anthems in 2009 by the Choir of Trinity College, Cambridge. The choir, directed by Stephen Layton, has 40 members.
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