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Camba is a word historically used in Bolivia to refer to the indigenous population in the eastern tropical region of the country, or to those born in the area of Santa Cruz, Beni Department, and Pando Department. Nowadays, the term "Camba" is used predominantly to refer to eastern Bolivian populations of mixed Spanish, Chane, and other indigenous Amazonian descent born in the eastern lowlands in and around Santa Cruz de la Sierra.
Collas, who are the population that lives in Western Bolivia, have always been in conflict with Camba people due to their different customs, behavior and appearance. Therefore, it may be common to hear Camba people use the term "Colla" as a swear word or to insult the Western population as such as it is possible to hear Collas curse on cambas.
Camba may also be used as a colloquial term for "person", as in "Who is that person?" translated to "¿Quien es ese camba?" (ignores the ethnicity of the subject and does not change depending on gender as most Spanish nouns do). Such use is predominant in eastern Bolivia.
During that time, Angola, which was a Portuguese Colony, was responsible for more than a third of the slave trade on the Atlantic directed toward Brazil From there the slaves went to the Spanish colonies, from the Río de la Plata (Plata River) to Eastern Bolivia. Kamba has become part of several Indigenous languages of the region, like Guarani language, as a demonym (nickname) for black persons (different than hũ, which means 'the color black'), as well as to refer to the King Biblical Magi Baltasar. In several local Liturgies he was called el Santo Cambá, or the Camba Saint.
Today, the term camba is used as a demonym for the mestizo cruceños, or people with indigenous and European (mainly Creole) ancestry from Santa Cruz, Pando Department and Beni Department.
African slaves got all the way to modern day Potosí, Bolivia, however, they were able to settle mostly in the yungas. The term could have begun as a demonym ther. e, and then spread to the rest of Bolivia.
Another hypothesis states that the word camba comes from a town in Galicia, called Cambados. Some dispute this theory considering it to be improbable, insulting or politically incorrect to have a nickname for "cruceños" (persons from Santa Cruz) with an African origin. They support this based on the chronicles written by the Jesuits, which describe many traditions of Spaniards and Creole peoples in America, but don't make any mention that they would use African vocabulary to describe themselves.
The Flag of the Patujú flower was created to represent the indigenous peoples of the Bolivian lowlands Creation of the Patujú flag (as a counterpart to the wiphala). Additionally, since the Patujú flower is a symbol representing the geography and cultural diversity of the Bolivian east, it can also be said to represent the Camba people, who identify with it.
The Saó Hat (sombrero e' saó) is an essential accessory in the traditional attire of the Camba people, used mainly in folkloric dances. However, in rural areas of the Santa Cruz Department and the Bolivian Amazon, it is still worn as a "hat that protects from the sun."
The Tipoy (of Guarani people origin) is considered part of the traditional clothing of Camba women and is commonly worn in the Bolivian east.
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