Calumma is a genus of , highly adapted and specialised , in the family Chamaeleonidae. The genus is endemic to the island of Madagascar. One species, formerly known as Calumma tigris (the Seychelles tiger chameleon), was transferred to the genus Archaius in 2010, upon the discovery of its closer relation to Rieppeleon—one of several genera referred to collectively as "leaf" or "pygmy" chameleons—rather than to Calumma.
Species groups
Four species groups are recognised within the genus
Calumma (originally proposed by
Frank Glaw &
Miguel Vences in 1994
), some of which may be only
phenetic, while others are
phylogenetically supported:
[[Calumma furcifer/" itemprop="url" title="Wiki: calumma_furcif">
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<span class="us3003804241 us1353177739">[[Calumma furcifer">calumma_furcif">
[[Calumma furcifer species group
Contents:
Calumma furcifer, C. gastrotaenia, C. marojezense, C. guillaumeti, C. andringitraense, C. glawi, C. vencesi
Species characterised by typically green body colouration, sleek body form, and generally no occipital lobes (flaps of skin posterior to the head; present only in C. glawi) and no rostral appendage (present only in males of C. furcifer).
Calumma cucullatum species group
Contents:
Calumma cucullatum, C. crypticum, C. amber, C. tsaratananense, C. hafahafa, C. hilleniusi, C. peltierorum, C. malthe, C. brevicorne, C. jejy, C. tsycorne
Species characterised by distinct occipital lobes and generally a single bony rostral appendage that is larger in males than females.
[[Calumma nasutum/" itemprop="url" title="Wiki: calumma_nasutu">
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<span class="us3003804241 us1353177739">[[Calumma nasutum">calumma_nasutu">
[[Calumma nasutum species group
Contents:
Calumma nasutum, C. fallax, C. gallus, C. guibei, C. boettgeri, C. linotum, C. gehringi, C. uetzi, C. lefona, C. juliae,
C. vatosoa, C. vohibola, C. peyrierasi, C. roaloko
Species characterised by a soft dermal rostral appendage (generally present in males and absent in females).
[[Calumma parsonii/" itemprop="url" title="Wiki: calumma_parson">
<hr class="us2411627114">
<span class="us3003804241 us1353177739">[[Calumma parsonii">calumma_parson">
[[Calumma parsonii species group
Contents:
Calumma globifer, C. ambreense, C. oshaughnessyi, C. parsonii, C. capuroni
Species characterised by large body size, males with paired rostral appendages, and some species with small occipital lobes.
Species
The following 41 species are recognized as being valid as of October 2020:
-
Calumma amber & Nussbaum, 2006 – Amber Mountain chameleon
-
Calumma ambreense (, 1974)
-
Calumma andringitraense (, & Charles Domergue, 1972)
-
Calumma boettgeri (Boulenger, 1888) – Oskar Boettger chameleon
-
Calumma brevicorne (Günther, 1879) – short-horned chameleon
-
Calumma capuroni (Brygoo, C. Blanc & Domergue, 1972) – Madagascar chameleon
-
Calumma crypticum Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006 – blue-legged chameleon
-
Calumma cucullatum (Gray, 1831) – hooded chameleon
-
Calumma emelinae , , , Miguel Vences & Frank Glaw, 2020
-
Calumma fallax (Mocquard, 1900) – deceptive chameleon
-
Calumma furcifer (Vaillant & Grandidier, 1880) – forked chameleon
-
Calumma gallus (Günther, 1877) – blade chameleon
-
Calumma gastrotaenia (Boulenger, 1888) – Perinet chameleon
-
Calumma gehringi Prötzel, Vences, Scherz, & Glaw, 2017
-
Calumma glawi , 1997 – Frank Glaw chameleon
-
Calumma globifer (Günther, 1879) – globe-horned chameleon or flat-casqued chameleon
-
Calumma guibei (, 1959) – Guibe's chameleon
-
Calumma guillaumeti (Brygoo, C. Blanc & Domergue, 1974)
-
Calumma hafahafa Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006 – bizarre-nosed chameleon
-
Calumma hilleniusi (Brygoo, C. Blanc & Domergue, 1973)
-
Calumma jejy Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006 – Marojejy Peak chameleon
-
Calumma juliae Prötzel, Vences, , Scherz, Ratsoavina & Glaw, 2018
-
Calumma lefona Prötzel, Vences, Hawlitschek, Scherz, Ratsoavina & Glaw, 2018
-
Calumma linotum (L. Müller, 1924) – Amber Mountain blue-nosed chameleon
-
Calumma malthe (Günther, 1879) – yellow-green chameleon
-
Calumma marojezense (Brygoo, C. Blanc & Domergue, 1970)
-
Calumma nasutum (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1836) – big-nosed chameleon, pimple-nose chameleon
-
Calumma oshaughnessyi (Günther, 1881) – O'Shaughnessy's chameleon
-
Calumma parsonii (Cuvier, 1824) – Parsons's chameleon
-
Calumma peltierorum Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006 – Peltier's chameleon
-
Calumma peyrierasi (Brygoo, C. Blanc & Domergue, 1974) – chameleon, Peyriéras's chameleon
[Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ( Calumma peyrierasi, p. 205).]
-
Calumma radamanus (Mertens, 1933)
-
Calumma ratnasariae Prötzel, Scherz, Ratsoavina, Vences & Glaw, 2020
-
Calumma roaloko Prötzel, , , , , Scherz & Glaw, 2018 – Two-toned soft-nosed chameleon
-
Calumma tarzan , , Ratsoavina, J. Köhler, Vences & Glaw, 2010 – Tarzan chameleon, Tarzan's chameleon
-
Calumma tjiasmantoi Prötzel, Scherz, Ratsoavina, Vences & Glaw, 2020
-
Calumma tsaratananense (Brygoo & Domergue, 1967) – Tsaratanana chameleon
-
Calumma tsycorne Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 2006 – blunt-nosed chameleon
-
Calumma uetzi Prötzel, Miguel Vences, Hawlitschek, Scherz, Ratsoavina & Glaw, 2018 – Uetz's soft-nosed chameleon
-
Calumma vatosoa , , & , 2001
-
Calumma vencesi Andreone, Mattioli, Jesu & Randrianirina, 2001 – Miguel Vences chameleon
-
Calumma vohibola Gehring, Ratsoavina, Vences & Glaw, 2011
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Calumma.
Further reading
-
Gray JE (1865). "Revision of the Genera and Species of Chamæleonidæ, with the Descriptions of some New Species". Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 465–479. ( Calumma, new genus, p. 476).
