Clinopodium is a genus of in the family Lamiaceae, in the subtribe Menthinae. Clinopodium belongs to a large and complex group of genera including many New World mints such as Hedeoma, Monarda, and Pycnanthemum, and this group is in turn a sister clade to Mentha. The genus name Clinopodium is derived from the Latin clinopodion, from the Ancient Greek κλινοπόδιον (), from () "bed" and πόδιον () "little foot". These were names for Clinopodium vulgare.[Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume I, page 91. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. (set).] They allude to the form of the sepal.[Paul Victor Fournier. 1946. Les Quatre Flores de France, page 838. Paris: Lechevalier.]
Clinopodium species are used as food plants by the of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora.
Various Clinopodium species are used as Herbalism. For example, C. macrostemum is used in Mexico as a tea under the name poleo or yerba de borracho to cure hangovers, stomach aches, and liver disease.
Taxonomy
Clinopodium has been defined very differently by different authors. Some have restricted it to as few as 13 species, all closely related to the
type species,
Clinopodium vulgare. In the latest revision of Lamiaceae,
Clinopodium encompassed about 100 species, including those otherwise placed in the genera
Acinos,
Calamintha,
Micromeria,
Satureja, and
Xenopoma.
This circumscription, called
Clinopodium sensu lato, was shown to be
polyphyletic in 2004,
with additional information on the issue published in 2010. As currently defined,
Clinopodium includes both a core clade of this genus that includes the type species and a
sister clade that is a broad assemblage of
New World species designated
Clinopodium alongside species included in 22 other genera. This "
Clinopodium complex" will need a systematic taxonomic and nomenclatural review before valid names can be designated.
Selected species
The genus
Clinopodium is considered
polyphyletic by modern authors. The
cladistic classification below follows the clades outlined in Brauchler, et al (2010) with additional species data from Drew, et al (2017). New World species of
Clinopodium that have not been sequenced are assumed to be part of the "New World group".
Clinopodium [[sensu stricto/" itemprop="url" title="Wiki: se">
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<span class="us3003804241 us1353177739">Clinopodium [[sensu stricto">se">
Clinopodium [[sensu stricto
Clinopodium [[sensu lato/" itemprop="url" title="Wiki: se">
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<span class="us3003804241 us1353177739">Clinopodium [[sensu lato">se">
Clinopodium [[sensu lato
Clinopodium abyssinicum group
Clinopodium acinos group
Allied to
Ziziphora.
Clinopodium nepalense group
Clinopodium simense group
New World group
Polyphyletic assemblage of
New World species assigned to
Clinopodium intermixed with species from 22 other named genera (including
Conradina,
Minthostachys,
Monardella, etc).
Unclear affiliation
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