Product Code Database
Bothrops is a genus of highly venomous Endemism to the Neotropics.McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. (series). (volume). The Genus name, Bothrops, is derived from the Greek language words βόθρος, , meaning , and ὄψ, , meaning or , together an allusion to the heat-sensitive loreal pit organs. Members of this genus are responsible for more human deaths in the Americas than any other group of venomous snakes.Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp., 1,500 plates. . Currently, 48 species are recognized.
The arrangement of the scales on top of the head is extremely variable; the number of interorbital scales may be 3–14. Usually there are 7–9 supralabials and 9–11 sublabials. There are 21–29 rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 139–240 ventral scales, and 30–86 subcaudals, which are generally divided.
In general, death results from hypotension secondary to hypovolemia, kidney failure, and intracranial hemorrhage. Common complications include necrosis and kidney failure secondary to shock and the toxic effects of the venom.
| B. alcatraz | 0 | Alcatrazes lancehead | Alcatrazes Island, São Paulo state, Southeastern Brazil. | |
| B. alternatus | 0 | Urutu, yarará, víbora de la cruz | Southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina (in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Chaco Province, Entre Ríos, Formosa Province, La Pampa, Misiones, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán. | |
| B. ammodytoides | 0 | Patagonian lancehead | Argentina in the provinces of Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Córdoba, Chubut Province, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza Province, Neuquén, Río Negro, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz and Tucumán | |
| Bothrops asper | 0 | terciopelo (preferred), Fer-de-lance (commonly used, but incorrect) | Atlantic lowlands of eastern Mexico and Central America, including Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, a disjunct population occurs in southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Guatemala, northern South America in Colombia and Ecuador West of the Andes, westernmost Venezuela, and Tumbes, Peru. | |
| Bothrops atrox | 0 | Common lancehead | Tropical lowlands of South America east of the Andes, including southeastern Colombia, southern and eastern Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and the northern half of Brazil | |
| Bothrops ayerbei | 0 | Patian lancehead, Ayerbe's lancehead | Cauca, Colombia | |
| B. barnetti | 0 | Barnett's lancehead | Along the Pacific coast of northern Peru at low elevations in arid, tropical scrub | |
| B. bilineatus | 1 | Two-striped forest-pitviper | Amazon Basin region of South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. An isolated population is known from the Atlantic versant of southeastern Brazil. | |
| Bothrops brazili | 0 | Brazil's lancehead | Equatorial forests of eastern Peru, eastern Ecuador, Brazil and northern Bolivia | |
| B. caribbaeus | 0 | Saint Lucia lancehead | Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles, apparently restricted to the low elevation periphery of all but the southern third and extreme northern tip of the island | |
| B. chloromelas | 0 | Inca forest-pitviper | central Andes of Peru | |
| Bothrops cotiara | 0 | Cotiara | Araucaria forests of southern Brazil in the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, northeastern Argentina in Misiones Province | |
| Bothrops diporus | 0 | Painted Lancehead | Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia | |
| B. erythromelas | 0 | Caatinga lancehead | Northeastern Brazil in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, extreme eastern Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe | |
| B. fonsecai | 0 | Fonseca's lancehead | Southeastern Brazil in the states of northeastern São Paulo, southern Rio de Jeneiro and extreme southern Minas Gerais | |
| B. germanoi | 0 | Moela's lancehead | Ilha da Moela, Brazil | |
| B. insularis | 0 | Golden lancehead | Queimada Grande Island, São Paulo State, Brazil | |
| B. itapetiningae | 0 | São Paulo lancehead | Southeastern Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, and on the Paraná Plateau | |
| B. jabrensis | 0 | Jabre's lancehead | Paraíba, Brazil | |
| B. jararaca | 0 | Jararaca | Southern Brazil, northeastern Paraguay and northern Argentina (Misiones) | |
| B. jararacussu | 0 | Jararacussu | Eastern Brazil (from Bahia to Santa Catarina), Paraguay, southeastern Bolivia and northeastern Argentina (Misiones Province) | |
| B. jonathani | 0 | Jonathan's lancehead, Cochabamba lancehead | The Altiplano of central Bolivia in the departments of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz and Tarija, and in northwestern Argentina in the departments of Jujuy and Salta, occurring at elevations of 2000–3500 m in dry, rocky grassland | |
| B. lanceolatusT | 0 | Fer-de-lance, Martinique lancehead | Martinique, Lesser Antilles | |
| B. leucurus | 0 | Whitetail lancehead, Bahia lancehead | Eastern Brazil along the Atlantic coast from northern Espírito Santo north to Alagoas and Ceará, occurs more inland in several parts of Bahia, uncertain identity of disjunct populations west of the Rio São Francisco | |
| Bothrops lutzi | 0 | Cerrado lancehead | Northeastern Brazil in northern Piaui state | |
| B. marajoensis | 0 | Marajó lancehead | Northern Brazil in the coastal lowlands of the Amazon River Delta | |
| B. marmoratus | 0 | Marbled lancehead | Goiás, Brazil | |
| B. mattogrossensis | 0 | Mato Grosso lancehead | Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, Peru | |
| Bothrops medusa | 0 | Venezuelan forest-pitviper | Venezuela, including the Cordillera de la Costa (coastal range), the Federal District and the states of Aragua, Bolívar and Carabobo. | |
| B. monsignifer | 0 | Eastern slopes of the Andes of Bolivia and southern Peru | ||
| Bothrops moojeni | 0 | Brazilian lancehead | Central and southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina (Misiones) and likely eastern Bolivia | |
| B. muriciensis | 0 | Mata de Murici, Alagoas state, Northeastern Brazil | ||
| B. neuwiedi | 6 | Neuwied's lancehead | South America east of the Andes and south of 5°S, including Brazil (southern Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, an isolated population in Amazonas, Rondônia and all southern states), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Córdoba, Corrientes, Chaco, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy Province, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta Province, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero and Tucumán) and Uruguay | |
| B. oligobalius | 0 | Amazonian forests of southern Colombia, southern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil north of the Amazon/Solimões | ||
| B. oligolepis | 0 | Peruvian forest-pitviper | Eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. | |
| B. osbornei | 0 | Western Ecuador, Northwestern Peru | ||
| Bothrops otavioi | 0 | Vitória Island, São Paulo, Brazil | ||
| B. pauloensis | 0 | Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia | ||
| Bothrops pictus | 0 | Desert lancehead | Peru on the hills of the Pacific coastal region and versant up to about 1800 m elevation | |
| Bothrops pirajai | 0 | Piraja's lancehead | Brazil in central and southern Bahia state and possibly also Minas Gerais | |
| B. pubescens | 0 | Brazil, Uruguay | ||
| Bothrops pulcher | 0 | Andean forest-pitviper | Eastern slopes of the Andes from south-central Colombia to southern Ecuador. | |
| B. punctatus | 0 | Chocoan lancehead | From the Darién of Panama along the Pacific slope of Colombia and Ecuador. | |
| B. sanctaecrucis | 0 | Bolivian lancehead | Bolivia in the Amazon Basin lowlands from the departments of Beni Department to Santa Cruz | |
| Bothrops sazimai | 0 | Franceses Island lancehead | Ilha dos Franceses, Espírito Santo, Brazil | |
| Bothrops sonene | 0 | Madre de Dios, Peru | ||
| B. taeniatus | 1 | Speckled forest-pitviper | Widespread in the equatorial forests of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. | |
| B. venezuelensis | 0 | Venezuelan lancehead | Northern and central Venezuela, including the Cordillera de la Costa (coast range) and the states of Aragua, Carabobo, the Federal District, Miranda, Mérida, Trujillo, Lara, Falcón, Yaracuy and Sucre, and Colombia (Norte de Santander and Boyacá departments | |
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