Borujerd (; ) is a city in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province in western Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Borujerd is also known as Little Paris (پاریس کوچولو).
Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the oldest reported at least since the 9th century. In Sassanid Empire, Borujerd was a small town and region neighboring Nahavand. Gaining more attention during Great Seljuq Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries, Borujerd stood as an industrial, commercial and strategic city in Zagros Mountains until the 20th century. In its golden ages, Borujerd was selected as the state capital of Lorestan and Khuzestan region during Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the existence of a large number of production and industrial units and the supply of their products in the domestic and foreign markets, Borujerd is considered the industrial hub of Lorestan province.
Foundation and name
The history of Borujerd before the advent of
Islam is not well known.
Parthian Empire-era artifacts have been discovered in its environs by non-professional excavators. Moreover, one of Iran's oldest mosques, the Jameh Mosque of Borujerd, was constructed on the remains of a
Zoroastrianism fire temple. This proves that the region was populated before Islam arrived. The Parthian king
Orodes II () is credited by some academics with laying the city's foundation. They believe that "Borujerd" stems from the
Middle Persian word
Wurūgird/Wulūgird/Orodhkard, meaning "built by Orodes." Others consider it to have been built by the
Sasanian Empire king
Peroz I (), arguing that "Piruzgird" was its original name, before being changed into "Burugird", and then later Arabicised into "Burujird".
History
Only from the 9th-century does the name "Borujerd" appear in Islamic chronicles. It first appears in the
Kitāb al-buldān of
Ibn al-Faqih (), and is later reported in various forms, such as "Warukird", "Warugird", "Barugird" and "Barujird".
Esteemed religious institutions operated in Borujerd during the Qajar Iran era, producing two distinguished Shia scholars, Asad Allah Borujerdi (died ) and Hossein Borujerdi (died 1961).
Demographics
Language
The linguistic composition of the city:
Population
Borujerd is the 31st largest city in Iran and the 2nd largest in Lorestan
[1]. Borujerd is the industrial point of Lorestan. Its historical and cultural background as well as its remarkable nature, has changed it to a tourist destination. The city has been named as Dār-Al-Sorur which means the house of happiness. Borujerd's population was estimated about 20000 in mid-1800s.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 334,497 in 59,388 households.
Geography and climate
Location
Borujerd city is located approximately 1670 meters above sea level and has a moderate climate with cold winters. The highest point is
Garrin Mountain 3623 m above sea level and the lowest area is
Gelerood River in South with 1400 m elevation. Borujerd Township has 2600 km
2 area with approximately 400,000 inhabitants distributed in the city of
Oshtorinan and more than 180 villages. Owing to favorable topographic and climatic conditions, the plains are devoted to cultivation of grain. Wherever irrigation is possible (by means of qanāts, wells, diversion of water of streams), cotton, melons, grapes, and fruit trees (especially almonds) are grown.
[ Eckart Ehlers, “Borujerd”, Encyclopaedia Iranica. 1989]
Borujerd is located on Silakhor Plain which is the largest agricultural land of Lorestan. The high-elevated Zagros Mountains surrounds it from South East to North West and the peaks are covered with snow most of the time. Rural people work in farms or keep their domestic animals. Other people work in governmental offices, armed forces, factories or small local businesses. The feet of Zagros Mountains is a great destination for nomads and many Lurs and Bakhtiari people nomads move there in summer. The area is paved with highways and is a crossroad between Tehran and Khuzestan Province as well as Isfahan Province and Kermanshah Province.
Climate
Borujerd's climate is classified as Mediterranean(Köppen:
Csa) with dry and very hot summers and cold winters. Most of the precipitation falls in colder months from November to April. Snowfall can be observed in winter, which can sometimes become heavy and cause school closures in the county. Road access to villages can also be disturbed because of snow.
Historical attractions
-
Jameh Mosque of Borujerd
-
Soltani Mosque of Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Ibrahim, Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Shahzadeh Abol-Hasan, Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Vallian, Borujerd
-
Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
-
Zavvarian Tomb of Borujerd
-
Ghaleh Hatam Bridge, Borujerd
-
Chalanchulan Bridge, Borujerd
-
Ghorogh Hill, Borujerd
-
Roomian Hill, Borujerd
-
Bazaar of Borujerd
Parks and natural attractions
-
Goldasht Valley, Borujerd
-
Vennaii Village, Borujerd
-
Chogha Hill of Borujerd
-
Bishe Dalan Pound, Borujerd
-
Oshtorankuh, Dorood
-
Women's Park of Borujerd
Notable people
-
Hossein Borujerdi, religious leader
-
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, writer and historian
-
Loris Tjeknavorian, musician
-
Zahra Rahnavard, artist and politician
-
Mostafa Abdollahi, director and actor
-
Jafar Shahidi, historian and bibliographer
-
Mehrdad Avesta, poet 20th-century
-
Arvin Moazzami, athlete
-
Moḥammad Mahdi Baḥr al-Ulūm, mystic
-
Ahmad Khatami, professor
-
Ehsan Mohajer Shojaei, athlete
-
Mahvash, singer, dancer and stage performer
-
Ehsan Rouzbahani, athlete
-
Mohammad Boroujerdi, commander
-
Ali Abdo, athlete
-
Saman Salur, film director
-
Reza Beiranvand, athlete
-
Iraj Rad, actor
-
Farnaz Esmaeilzadeh, athlete
-
Mahmoud Saremi, reporter
-
Abdolmohammad Ayati, author and field of philosophy
-
Mir Shamsuddin Adib-Soltani, philosopher
-
Mohammad Hanif, writer
-
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast, pharmacologist
-
Mahmoud Khatami, philosopher
-
Bahram Ghasemi, diplomat
-
Asadullah Boroujerdi, prominent
-
Abolghasem Khazali, shi'i cleric
-
Farnaz Esmaeilzadeh, speed climber
-
Shahram Entekhabi, video and installation artist
-
Salar Abdoh, novelist
-
Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi, twelver Shi'i
-
Ahmad Moballeghi, professor
-
Ehsan Mohajer Shojaei, middle-distance running
Gallery
File:Fadak Park Borujerd Iran.jpg|Fadak Park
File:Yadboodsquare.jpg|Yadbood Square.
File:SoltaniMosque7.jpg|Soltani Mosque (18th century)
File:The environs of Borujerd (Goldasht).JPG|Goldasht Valley.
File:Imamzadeh Jafar of Borujerd.jpg|Imamzadeh Ja'far (11th century)
File:Qale Hatam Bridge of Borujerd 1.jpg|Qale Hatam Bridge
File:Jame1.jpg|Jameh Mosque.
File:Borujerd outskirts.jpg|Countryside of Borujerd.
File:Borujerd, View Of Takhti st.jpg|Borujerd View of Takhti street.
File:Borujerd-downtown.jpg|Borujerd downtown
See also
-
1909 Borujerd earthquake
-
2006 Borujerd earthquake
-
Borujerdi dialect
Notes
Sources
External links
