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Boromycin is a bacteriocidal polyether-macrolide antibiotic. It was initially isolated from the Streptomyces antibioticus, and is notable for being the first natural product found to contain the element boron. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria, but is ineffective against gram-negative bacteria. Boromycin kills bacteria by negatively affecting the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of potassium ions from the cell. Boromycin has not been Approved drug as a drug for Medicine.
Boromycin is a boron-containing compound produced by Streptomyces antibioticus, isolated from the soil of Ivory Coast. It exhibits antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of gram-positive bacteria while having no effect on certain gram-negative bacteria and Fungus. Boromycin has also shown activity against protozoa of the genera Plasmodium and Babesia.
In addition to its antimicrobial effects, boromycin has been studied to treat and prevent coccidiosis in susceptible poultry. It has been predicted to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 and the synthesis of proteins, RNA, and DNA in whole cells of Bacillus subtilis. Boromycin binds to the Cell membrane within the cell and is antagonized by surface-active compounds. It is bound to lipoprotein and does not influence the Potassium, Na+-ATPase of the cytoplasmic membrane.
The removal of boric acid from the boromycin molecule leads to a loss of antibiotic activity. There are minor products of boromycin fermentation, differing in the acylation position. Experiments with feeding the production strain Sorangium cellulosum with specific have shed light on the biosynthesis of , which are closely related to boromycin and aplasmomycin.
Researchers are exploring the incorporation of boron into biologically active molecules, including for boron neutron capture therapy of . The role of the boron atom in neutron capture therapy for malignant brain tumors is to target tumor cells selectively. When a non-radioactive boron isotope (10B) is administered and accumulates in tumor cells, these cells can be selectively destroyed when irradiated with low-energy thermal neutrons. The collision of neutrons with 10B releases high linear energy transfer particles, such as Alpha particle and lithium-7 nuclei, which can selectively destroy the tumor cells while sparing surrounding normal cells.
Some boron-containing may also act as signaling molecules interacting with cell surfaces.
While the study provides promising results in a controlled laboratory setting, it is important to note that in vitro experiments do not always accurately predict the effectiveness of a compound in living organisms. Strong evidence should be accumulated to determine boromycin's actual in vivo anti-HIV activity in a living human organism. Accumulating such evidence typically involves preclinical studies in animal models to assess safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics before progressing to clinical trials in humans. (2025). 9780444639455, Elsevier. ISBN 9780444639455
The lack of replication of the 1996 study's findings by other studies suggests a lack of confirmation regarding the anti-HIV activity of boromycin. This could be due to potential methodological limitations in the original study, such as variations in experimental conditions or difficulties in isolating and purifying boromycin. It is also possible that the initial study produced a false positive result, where the observed anti-HIV activity resulted from chance or experimental artifacts rather than a true effect. Additionally, publication bias may play a role, as positive or novel findings are more likely to be published, potentially leading to an incomplete picture of the overall research on boromycin's anti-HIV activity. Studies are needed to address these factors and determine the true effectiveness of boromycin as an in vivo anti-HIV agent.
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