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   » » Wiki: Bharatmala
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The Bharatmala Pariyojna ( 'India garland project') is a project in implemented by Government of India. It is slated to interconnect 550 District Headquarters (from the current 300) through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 (from the current 6) and move 80% of freight traffic (40% currently) to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total , 116 feeder routes (FR) of total and 7 northeast Multi-Modal waterway ports. The project also includes the development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpasses, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads, etc. to provide the shortest, jam-free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India.

This ambitious umbrella programme subsumed all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998. The total investment for committed new highways is estimated at , making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme (as of March 2022). The project will build highways from , , , , and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - Jammu and Kashmir, , - and then portions of borders of and alongside , and move to , , , Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in and . Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas.

Other than NHDP related projects which are greenfield, there is Brownfield National Highway Projects which is an upgrade/widening of existing 4-lane highways into 6-lane highways that are not controlled access highways. Many state highways have been converted to National Highways under this project. It is both enabler and beneficiary of other key Government of India schemes, such as Industrial corridor, Make in India, , , , Sagarmala, Dedicated Freight Corridors(DFC), , , BharatNet, Parvatmala.


Scope

Context
's 6,617,100 km ( 4,111,675 mi) road network is the largest in the world, of which only 2% (~1,60,000 km) are national highways (NHs) carrying 40% road traffic. BHARATMALA PARIYOJANA, PHASE-I Bharatmala phase-I will raise the NH connection to a total of 80% or 550 districts out of total 718 districts from the current 42% or 300 districts connected to NH (dec 2017). Mapping of Shortest Route for 12,000 routes carrying 90% of the 's freight, commodity-wise survey of freight movement across 600 districts, automated traffic surveys over 1,500+ points across the country, and satellite mapping of corridors was done to identify upgradation requirements for Bharatmala.


NHIDCL
National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited was created in 2014 as a fully owned company of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways by the Government of India to expedite construction of National Highway projects with specific focus on . National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited to award first project for North-East in October, Economic Times, 9 Oct 9 2014. NHIDCL intro.


Central Road Fund (CRF)
Central Road Fund (CRF) was created as a non-lapsable fund under the "Central Road Fund Act 2000", by imposing a on petrol and diesel, to build and upgrade National Highways, State roads, rural roads, railway under/over bridges etc., and national waterways. What is Central Road Fund (CRF)?, Indian Economy.


Impact
Bharatmala will significantly boost highway infrastructure:
  • Raise 6 NC corridors to 50 corridors (6 NC and 44 EC)
  • Raise 40% freight to 80% freight on National Highways
  • Raise 300 districts to 550 districts connected by minimum 4-lane highways.


Components

National Highways Development Project (NHDP)
NHDP project covers , including completed, under construction and left for award (as of May 2017). The uncompleted projects under NHDP will also be subsumed in Bharatmala. NHDP was meant to convert dirt roads into National Highways or any 1/2 lane roads into 4 lane national highways.


National Corridors (NC)
National Corridors of India (NC) are 6 high volume corridors, including 4 in Golden Quadrilateral and 2 in North–South and East–West Corridors, including - Highway (NH6), known as East Coast - West Coast Corridor, that carry 35% of 's freight. Lane expansion to 6 to 8 laning, ring roads, bypasses and elevated corridors will be built in Bharatmala to decongest the National Corridors. Logistics Parks will be set up along the NC. Busiest stretches of National Corridors will be converted to the expressways. inter-corridor and feeder routes will be built. Additionally, of border roads and international highways will be built to connect 6 National Corridors to international trade routes.


National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP)
National Corridors Efficiency Program (NCEP) entails phase-I decongestion of 185 choke points by 34 6-8 laning, 45 bypasses and 30 ring roads of 6 NC. Investment approval for Phase 1

New ring roads in Bharatmala include:


Economic Corridors
Economic Corridors of India or Industrial Corridors of India, 44 corridors were identified and will be taken up in phase-I, they exclude 6 National Corridors, they include: Bharatmala presentation 66 inter-corridors (IC) & 116 feeder routes (FR) were identified for Bharatmala.

List of 44 economic corridors (EC):


Logistics parks
Logistics parks entailing 45% of 's freight traffic have been identified to be connected by Bharatmala economic corridors (EC), to develop hub-and-spoke model where hub-to-hub transport can be done with 30 tonne trucks and hub-to-spoke transport can be done with 10 tonne trucks. Currently all transport is point-to-point in 10 tonne trucks (2017).


Northeast India connectivity
North East Economic corridor will connect 7 state capitals and 7 multimodal waterways terminals on on the bharatmala route (slide 21).

  • Dhubri
  • Silghat
  • Biswanath Ghat
  • Neamati
  • Dibrugarh
  • Sengajan
  • Oriyamghat


International connectivity
Look-East Connectivity will be further developed in the Bharatmala routes (slide 22).
  • 24 Integrated check posts (ICPs)
  • Transit through Bangladesh to improve
  • Integrating Bangladesh–Bhutan–Nepal-Myanmar–Thailand BIMSTEC corridors.


Finance
  • Total budget for 5 years Bharatmala project from 2017 to 2022.
    • existing NH projects subsumed under Bharatmala, such as incomplete National Highways, SARDP-NE, Externally Aided Projects (EAP, e.g. and ADB), and Left Wing Extremism roads (LWE).
    • phase-I to be completed during 2017-dec 2019:
      • through market borrowings.
      • through private investments.
      • through the Central Road Fund (CRF) and tolls:
        • from CRF.
        • from new toll monetisation of completed highways.
        • from current toll fee from Toll-Permanent Bridge Fee Fund (PBFF)). new release
  • Fy2017-18: Transport ministry seeks Rs 78,000 crore to help fund Bharatmala, Economic Times, 24 Dec 2017.
  • highways built at the rate of 27 km/day,
  • through allocation in the national budget.
  • Fy2018-19:
    • will be awarded.
    • will be completed.
    • total spend:
      • through allocation in the national budget,
      • through bonds,
      • through toll monetisation of 30 completed highways.


Implementation phases: 2017-2022
The plan envisages the construction of roads, including of additional highways and roads across the country, apart from an existing plan of building of new highways by the National Highway Authority of India. Bharatmala has synergy with .


Phase 1: 34,800 km by December 2022
The total length of highways will be constructed under phase-I by December 2022, including of new highways and another currently under-construction remaining incomplete under NHDP, compared to 19 years it took to upgrade almost same length of National Highways under NHDP. Nitin Gadkari press conference highlights: BharatMala, SagarMala to be 'varmala' of India, says minister, First Post, 25 Oct 2017.

Economic Corridors 44 EC corridors exclude 6 NC.
Inter-corridor & feeder Routes 66 inter-corridors (IC) & 116 feeder routes (FR).
National Corridors Efficiency Program 6-8 laning, bypasses and ring roads of 6 NC.
Border & International connectivity roads of border roads and to connect 6 national corridors to international trade routes, such as , MIT and BIN (Bangladesh--).
Coastal & Port connectivity roads Synergy with .
Expressways NC stretches converted to expressway.
Total under Bharatmala Pariyojana
NH remaining under NHDP
Total to be built or upgraded


Phase-II: 48,877 km (expected 2024)
Multimodal logistics parks. It will make current corridors more effective & will improve connectivity with north east and leverage synergy with inland waterways.

Multi-modal logistics parks will provide seamless cargo transfer between Railways cargo, Inland Waterways, Air cargo, Dedicated Freight Corridors, Access-Controlled Expressways, National Highways, State Highways in a Hub and Spoke model.


Components
  • Bharatmala components or predecessors
    • Diamond Quadrilateral, Subsumed in Bharatmala
    • Golden Quadrilateral, completed national road development connectivity older scheme
    • Char Dham Highway
    • National Highways Development Project, Subsumed in Bharatmala
    • North-South and East-West Corridor, Subsumed in Bharatmala
    • India-China Border Roads, Subsumed in Bharatmala


See also
  • Targeted projects
    • Golden Quadrilateral, India's project to connect major cities of India forming a quadrilateral
    • , India's project for nation-wide cable car transportation
    • , India's project to make all nationla highways railway crossings free
    • Sagar Mala, India's project to modernise and connect all shipping ports
    • , India's project for regional civil aviation connectivity

  • Transport in India
    • Future of rail transport in India
    • Expressways of India
    • List of national highways in India
    • Indian Human Spaceflight Programme

  • Other
    • Indian Rivers Inter-link
    • List of national waterways in India
    • List of longest ring roads


External links

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