Betpak-Dala or Betpaqdala (, Betpaqdala; from Turkic batpak, “swampy,” or Persian bedbaht, “unlucky” and Turkic dala, “plain”; Russian language: Бетпак-Дала or Сeверная Голодная степь, lit. Hungry Steppe) is a desert zone in the Ulytau Region, Karaganda Region, Turkistan Region, and Zhambyl Region regions, Kazakhstan.[ Betpak-Dala - Great Russian Encyclopedia in 35 volumes / ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov]
History
In Autumn 2014, English explorer
Jamie Bunchuk completed an expedition to cross the Betpak-Dala to its fullest longitudinal extent, from
Lake Balkash in the east to the
Sarysu River in the west. He also ran 190 miles, nearly eight marathons, back-to-back, over the course of eight days within the region.
An epizootic of pasteurellosis occurred in Betpak-Dala in May 2015, in which more than 120,000 saiga antelope — representing more than a third of the global population — were confirmed dead.
Geography
The Betpak-Dala is located between the lower reaches of the
Sarysu River, the
Chu River, and
Lake Balkhash. In the north, near the 46°30’ parallel, Betpak-Dala borders on the
Kazakh Uplands, an area of low, rounded, isolated hills. Its area is approximately . To the southwest lies the Ashchykol Depression.
The desert is a flat, gently rolling plain with an elevation ranging from to and a general south-western incline. Elevations are greatest in the east. In the southeast, the Zheltau highland reaches an elevation of at Mount
Suykadyr (Суықадыр) and of at Mount
Kyzylbelen (Кызылбелен).
The western part of Betpak-Dala is composed of folded Mesozoic rock and horizontally layered Paleogene friable rock (sand, sandstone, clay, and conglomerates). The eastern hilly region has a plicate structure and is composed of Lower Paleozoic sedimentary-metamorphic rock series and granite. The climate is sharply continental. The annual precipitation is between and , of which only 15 percent occurs in summer. Summers are dry and hot; winters are cold with little snow. The average temperature in January ranges from to , and the average temperature in July ranges from to .
There are many shallow, often Sor-type of saline lakes, such as Arys, Buralkynyn Tuzy and Karakoin. Underground waters, emerging in places, are abundant. The predominant soils are gray-brown desert solonchak and solonets.
Flora
The western region of Betpak-Dala is an
argillaceous sagebrush desert;
Anabasis salsa grows in the salt-marsh depressions, while Pamirian winterfat (
Krascheninnikovia ceratoides) and Siberian pea shrub (
Caragana arborescens) grow on the sand dunes. In the east the argillaceous desert merges with the stony desert where
Salsola arbuscula grows on the rocky hills. Betpak-Dala is used as a spring and autumn grazing land.
See also
-
Geography of Kazakhstan
-
Mirzachoʻl, known in Russian as the Golodnaya Steppe (lit. Hungry Steppe)
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