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Beitin () is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank, located northeast of Ramallah along the Ramallah-Nablus road. The Palestinian village of Dura al-Qar' and Ein Yabrud lie to the north, Rammun to the east, Deir Dibwan to the southeast and al-Bireh to the southwest. The Israeli settlement of Beit El is northwest of Beitin.
Beitin was established in the mid-19th century by settlers from the nearby Burqa. It stands on the site of the ancient town and biblical sanctuary of Bethel,Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, pp. 125-130. which was left abandoned after the Crusades period. The area remained uninhabited until the late Ottoman Empire period, when modern Beitin was founded.
In the Hellenistic and Roman Empire periods, Bethel was mentioned in 1 Maccabees, Josephus' writings, and in several Patristics texts. The town was garrisoned by Bacchides (during the Maccabean Revolt) and later by Vespasian (during the First Jewish–Roman War). In Byzantine Empire times, Bethel held annual festivals on October 18. The population was Eastern Orthodox Christian and monks from the Sinai Peninsula, particularly Zosimas of Palestine, were known to have visited the town. Luza, also Bethel - (Beitin) Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem. 2000-12-19. A church dating from the fifth century CE was found at the site.
Bethel was abandoned after the 1187 defeat of the Crusaders at the hands of Saladin and the ensuing destruction of Christian sites. It remained obscure and unmentioned by various sources from the 13th to the 19th century, including Yaqut al-Hamawi, Mujir al-Din, and European travelers, likely indicating a state of ruin since the fall of the Crusader kingdom.
After Beitin was reestablished, the village came under the administration of the Mutasarrif ("Governorate") of Jerusalem. In the early 19th century, people from Transjordan and other places migrated to BeitinLutfiyya, 1966, p. 36 and built a mosque near the site of the old church. Visit Palestine: Bittin Visit Palestine.
In 1838 Edward Robinson noted Beitin as a place "in ruins or deserted," located immediately north of Jerusalem.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 122
In 1863 Victor Guérin found the village to have 400 inhabitants,Guérin, 1869, pp. 14-26 while an Ottoman village list from around 1870 showed that Beitin had an adult male population of 140, in a total of 55 houses (thus excluding women and children).Socin, 1879, p. 148. It was noted in the Bire DistrictHartmann, 1883, p. 127 also noted 55 houses
In 1882 the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Beitin as a village "built on the side of a flat spur which rises slightly on the north. On the south-east is a flat dell, with good fig and pomegranate gardens, and there are other fig-trees round the village and among the houses. The cottages have a ruinous appearance, with rough stone walls. There is one square white house in two stories, which is visible from a great distance. The ground is very open, and the slopes gentle; the village slopes down gradually south-east. The surrounding ground is quite bare of trees, of white chalk, very barren and stony on the south; of hard limestone cropping up on the north; the fields divided off by low drystone walls. The contrast of the grey rocks, the red ploughland and the dark green figs is very striking. The remains of a good-sized tower exist towards the north, and on the south the walls of a church of Crusading date, once dedicated to St. Joseph. The population is stated at 400. The place is supplied from a fine spring on the south, which wells up in a circular basin. The spring is double, and was surrounded with a large reservoir, 314 feet long north-west and south-east, by 217 feet; of massive stones. The eastern and southern walls are standing about 10 feet high. The spring is perennial..."Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, pp. 295-296
In 1896 the population of Betin was estimated to be about 360 persons.Schick, 1896, p. 121
In 1907, small gardens and a few old tombs were found in the vicinity, and the Muslim population was known for its strength and fearlessness.Grant, 1907, p. 218
In the 1945 statistics the population was 690 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26 while the total land area was 4,764 , according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64 Of this, 1,348 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 1,853 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 111 while 38 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 161
In 1961, a Jordanian census found the population to be 1,017.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24 It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a mukhtar.
After the 1995 accords, 19,1% of the village land is classified as Area B, while the remaining 80.9% is defined as Area C land (full Israeli control). Beitin village land has also been taken in order to construct the illegal Israeli outpost Givat Asaf. Beitin (village profile), ARIJ, pp. 17-19Nahum Barnea, 'Beitunian nights: The IDF in the West Bank', Ynet 18 March 2016.
On 19 December 2011, were accused of carrying out a second price tag attack in only four days, in which five Palestinian-owned cars were burnt and the walls of several houses were sprayed with graffiti. During the first incident (15 December 2011), the assailants not only vandalized a mosque, but also attacked an IDF military base in the West Bank, injuring a top Israeli commander. According to witnesses of the second incident, the Israeli army dispersed the settlers without arresting any of them, presumably also those who attacked the Israeli commander, although four days earlier the incident had prompted Israeli Prime-Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, to say: "We won't let them attack our soldiers. We won't let them ignite a religious war with our neighbors. We won't let them desecrate mosques. We won't let them harm Jews or Arabs."
According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), Beitin had a population of over 3,050 inhabitants in 2006. Projected Mid -Year Population for Ramallah & Al Bireh Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) In 2007, a PCBS census recorded a population of 2,143 (1,128 men and 1,015 women). There were 717 homes in the village and the average household size consisted of 4.9 family members. 2007 PCBS Census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.114.
Landmarks
Church ruins
The ruins of the Byzantine church are known in Arabic as "al-Muqater" or "Khirbet al-Kenise" ("Ruins of the Church").Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 305 According to Röhricht, when the Crusades arrived, they found a ruined church. They built another and placed it first under the Abbey of St. Joseph of Arimathea, later under the Canons of the Holy Sepulcher.Röhricht, 1887, ZDPV 10, pp. 207, 292 The ruins of the church were drawn in the 1880s.Wilson, c1881, vol 1, pp. 219 (ill.), 221Pringle, 1993, pp. 104 -105
Tower ruins ("al-Burj")
Another ruin, called "al-Burj Beitin" ("the Tower of Beitin") or simply al-Burj is located in the western part of the village. They were also drawn in the 1880s.Wilson, c1881, vol 1, p. 217 (ill.) The ruins of the Burj are about 1 meter tall, and apparently built on the older ruins of a Byzantine monastery.Finkelstein and Lederman, 1997, p. 522 Some have believed that it was constructed on the site where Abraham built an altar.Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 307 According to biblical scholar Edward Robinson who visited Palestine in the 19th century, al-Burj Beitin consisted of dilapidated stones that used to form part of a fortress and a Greek church. Al-Burj was used as a watch tower by the Crusaders.
Demographics
In 1997, Palestinian refugees accounted for exactly 30% of the population, which was 1,510 at the time. Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
Bibliography
(1997). 9789654400077, Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. . ISBN 9789654400077
External links
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