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The Bantawa Language (also referred to as An Yüng, Bantaba, Bantawa Dum, Bantawa Yong, Bantawa Yüng, Bontawa, Kirawa Yüng), is a Kiranti language spoken in the eastern Himalayan hills of eastern by Kirati Bantawa ethnic groups. They use a syllabic alphabet system known as . Among the Khambu or Rai people of in , , Darjeeling and Kalimpong in India, Bantawa is the most extensively spoken language. According to the 2001 National Census, at least 1.63% of the Nepal's total population speaks Bantawa. About 370,000 speak Bantawa language mostly in eastern hilly regions of Nepal (2001). Although Bantawa is among the more widely used variety of the Bantawa language, it falls in the below-100,000 category of endangered languages. It is experiencing language shift to , especially in the northern region.

Bantawa is spoken in subject-object-verb order, and has no noun classes or genders.


Dialects
Most of the Bantawa clan are now settled in Bhojpur, , Illam, and Dhankuta. Recent figures show most of them are settled in Dharan. Bantawa is spoken in the following districts of Nepal ( Ethnologue). Dialects are as follows ( Ethnologue).
  • Northern Bantawa (Chhinangkhongeli and dilpali)
: Northern subdialects: Siptungkhali, Mangpahang, Awaichha, Rungchenbung and Yangma
  • Southern Bantawa (Chewali, Okhreli, Hatuwali, Hangkhim)
: Southern and Northern Bantawa, similar, could be united as 'Intermediate Bantawa'.
  • Eastern Bantawa (Dhankuta)
: Eastern dialect is the most divergent. It is most closely related to Dungmali language, though also related to , , and Chhintange language.
  • Western Bantawa (Amchoke, Amchauke)
: Amchaucke dialects: Sorung, Saharaja, Lulam, and Sukita
  • Wana Bantawa (also called simply Bantawa), spoken by the Bantawa subcaste. The Amchoke dialect is spoken in the Limbu area, especially in Ilam district.

Bantawa is also considered as a superior clan in the Kiranti family. Bantawa is also reportedly in use as a among Rai minorities in Himalayan , In India and . Meanwhile, the language is just being introduced in a few schools at the primary level (Year 1- Year 5)

(2025). 9783110178418, Walter de Gruyter. .
using Devanagari script.

The extinct Waling language attested from the late 19th century may have been a variety of Bantawa, or a closely related language, if not the Hatuwali dialect the Waling people speak today.


Bantawa language
Good Morning/Afternoon/Evening,
Food, Rice
Curry
People
Grandfather
Grandmother
Father
Mother
Elder-sister
Little-Sister
Uncle elder to dad
Aunt Elder to Dad/ Dad's elder sister-in-law
Uncle younger to Dad
Younger uncle wife
Elder Brother
Younger Brother
Brothers' or sisters' children
Mother's younger Brother
Money
Cloths
Water
Fire
Flour
Millet
Locally brew wine
Rum/Whisky/Brandy
Meat
Aunt (Father's sister)
Grandfather, Grandmother
Here
There
Where
How
This much
to Eat
Do you want to eat?
Do you eat rice?
teeth
bad
Cat


Phonology

Vowels
+ Vowel phonemes ! rowspan=2! ! ! rowspan="2"
  • vowel comes in Bantawa due to influence of Nepali language and it is rarely used like in other Tibetan Burmese language.
  • nowadays some dialect or in region may pronounce // as , , or .
Example: (eye) pronounce as , (snake) as .


Consonants
+Bantawa consonant phonemes ! colspan="3"! Bilabial ! ! -
alveolar ! Lamino-
! Palatal ! ! Glottal
  • Glotta stop is one of the consonants of Bantawa language which is represent by using .
  • Dental consonant and Apico-alveolar does not make any difference while speaking.
  • To write Bantawa language Kirat Sirijunga lipi and Devanagari lipi is being used in Nepal.


Further reading
  • Winter, Werner. 2003. A Bantawa Dictionary. Trends in Linguistics - Documentation 20. Mouton de Gruyter: New York.
  • Doornenbal, Marius. 2009. A Grammar of Bantawa. Leiden University PhD Thesis. LOT Dissertation Series: Utrecht.


External links

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