Bankura () is a city and a municipality in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Bankura district.
Etymology
It comes from the old Austric word ráŕhá or ráŕho which means “land of red soil”.
[P.R. Sarkar Rarh - The Cradle of Civilization, Ananda Marga Publications, 1981, Kolkata] 2-n ancient times "China called Ráŕh by the name of 'Láti'".
3-n Santali, means thread, means tune and means snake. 4-.Perhaps the Jain and Greek scholars used this original Austric word to indicate this dry forest region which was very difficult. The popularity of Manasa Puja, the worship of Snake-Goddess Manasa, shows this opinion might have some relevance. According to Nilkantha, a commentator of the Mahabharata, the words (Sanskrit: suhma-bhūmi) and Rarh are synonymous.
Scholars differs in their opinion about the etymology of the name Bankura. In the words of the Kol-Mundas, orah or rah means habitation. Many places of Rarh have an added rah at the end of their names. One of the most influential gods of the district 6-Dharmathakur is called Bankura Roy. The name of the district may come from his name. Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterjee thinks that the name came from the word banka (zig-zag), and its word-corruption banku, which means extremely beautiful, and he who must be worshiped. In 1979, the word “Bancoorah” was found in the map of Renal. In 1863, Gastrel referred this region as Bancoonda.
Bir Hambir was the 49th King of Malla dynasty. Bir Bankura was one of his two sons. Raja Bir Hambir divided his kingdom into 22 tarafs or circles and gave one to his each son. Taraf Jaybelia fell to the lot of Bir Bankura. He developed a town in his taraf and the town was later named as 'Bankura' after its founder's name.
Geography
Location
Bankura district is located in the north western part of the state of West Bengal. It is a part of Bardhaman Division of the State and is included in the area known as "Rarh" in Bengal. Bankura district is situated at . The Damodar River flows along the Northern boundary of the district. Bankura district is bounded by Purba Bardhaman and Paschim Bardhman district in the north and east, Paschim Medinipur district in the south and
Purulia district to the west.
The Bankura Forest composes about 21% of the entire district. It has degraded in some areas due to overuse by humans. 21.5% of the total geographical area of the district is made up of forest land, covering a total of 148,177 hectares. Net cultivable area of the district is 4.30 lakh (430,000) hectares.
Area overview
The map alongside shows the Bankura Sadar subdivision of Bankura district. Physiographically, this area is part of the Bankura Uplands in the west gradually merging with the Bankura-Bishnupur Rarh Plains in the north-east. The western portions are characterised by undulating terrain with many hills and ridges. The area is having a gradual descent from the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The soil is
laterite red and hard beds are covered with scrub jungle and
Shorea robusta wood. Gradually it gives way to just uneven rolling lands but the soil continues to be lateritic. There are coal mines in the northern part, along the
Damodar River.
It is a predominantly rural area with 89% of the population living in rural areas and only 11% living in the urban areas.
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Climate
Bankura has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen
Aw) with very warm conditions in the "cool" season from November to February, and hot to sweltering temperatures from March to October. Rainfall occurs mostly between June and September and the annual amount is about . Till 2020, the highest ever recorded temperature is on 8 May 1977, and the lowest on 9 January 2013.
Demographics
In the 2011 census,
Bankura city had a population of 137,386 of which 69,843 were males and 67,543 were females, giving a sex ratio of 967. The literacy rate was 86.12% and there were 12,148 children 0–6 years old
Civic administration
Police stations
Bankura police station has jurisdiction over Bankura municipality, Bankura I and Bankura II CD Blocks. The area covered is 439 km
2. There are 3 town outposts and an outpost at Rajagram.
Bankura Sadar Division woman police station, started in 2014, has jurisdiction over whole of Bankura Sadar subdivision.
Transport
Bankura Junction railway station is managed by the South Eastern Railways and is on the Adra-Kharagpur rail route. It is in Bankura city. Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express, Rupashi Bangla Express, Aranyak Express, Puri-New Delhi (Nandan Kanan) Superfast Express, Ernakulam-Patna Express, Howrah-LTT Samarsata Express and Purulia-Howrah Express pass through this station. It is the originating and terminating station of Bankura Damodar Railway
which is connected to Barddhaman-Howrah Chord section. Computerized reservation facility is available. Going towards north-west, Adra Junction Railway Station is the nearest main station and moving to south, Kharagpur Railway Station is the major station next to Bankura.
National Highway 14 (India) running from Morgam (in Murshidabad district) to Kharagpur (in Paschim Medinipur district), State Highway 9 (West Bengal) running from Durgapur (in Paschim Bardhaman district) to Nayagram (in Jhargram district) and State Highway 5 (West Bengal) running from Rupnarayanpur (in Bardhaman district) to Junput (in Purba Medinipur) pass through Bankura. NH 14 links Bankura to NH 12 and NH 16. Both NH 14 and SH 9 link Bankura to NH 19 (Grand Trunk Road).
Tourism
The place has contributed toward modern Bengal art and architecture
The tourist spots can be divided into four zones.
Eastern Zone
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Joyrambati is 98 km from Kolkata.
Western Zone
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Susunia Hill is also a tourist spot of Bankura District. It is 50 km
-
Biharinath Hill is the tallest (448 m)
South Zone
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Mukutmanipur is a tourist spot of Bankura District. It is 55 km
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Jhilimili has a dense natural forest. It lies 70 km from Bankura Town.
Northern Zone
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Durgapur Barrage
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Gangdua Dam
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Koro Pahar (Amar Kanan)
Healthcare
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Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital is the most important hospital of the district equipped with all major departments and diagnostic facilities.
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Bankura Sub-Divisional Hospital is an important hospital. It has a paediatric ward, blood test and OT.
Notable people
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Balaram Mukhopadhyay (born 1973), carbohydrate chemist and professor
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Jamini Roy, a renowned painter.
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Rocky Rupkumar Patra, a renowned film actor and director.
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Rajkumar Patra, a renowned Bengali film actor and producer.
See also
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Culture of Bankura district
External links
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-
"Bankura" (archived link). National Informatics Centre.
