The Asterinidae are a large family of in the order Valvatida.
Description and characteristics
These are generally small sea stars, flattened dorsally and bearing very short arms, often giving a pentagonal shape in the body ;example:
Asterians rubens (except in some species possessing more than five arms). The periphery of the body is thin and formed by indistinct, tiny marginal plates. They are characterized by their aboral face formed by plates shaped like crescents, sometimes giving a "knitted" appearance to the skin.
The abyssal species can be bigger, like those of the genus Anseropoda, which can exceed 45 cm in diameter.
Biology
Most of the species are small and relatively cryptic: they are often found hidden under rocks or in crevices, for example. Several species have access to a fissiparous asexual reproduction, multiplying their reproductive potential. For that reason, some species of the genera
Meridiastra and
Aquilonastra can sometimes appear spontaneously in aquariums, where they can proliferate from just one larva imported inadvertently. Some species can brood their young (which thus do not pass through a planctonic larval stage), such as
Asterina pancerii.
Most of the species feed on food fragments and algal or bacterial mat covering the substratum, evaginating their stomach on their food (a frequent feeding mode in sea stars). However, some species like Stegnaster inflatus takes advantage of their webbed shape to form a "trap" by heightening on the tip of their arms, and suddenly falling on a prey which would have believed to find shelter there.
They can be found in almost all the seas of the world, from the abysses to the surface and from the poles to the tropics.
Genera
This family comprises about 21
Genus and 116
species according to O'Loughlin & Waters (2004),
whereas the World Asteroidea Database states that it includes 150 species in 25 genera.
[
]
Genera included in the family according to the World Asteroidea Database:[
]
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Ailsastra O'Loughlin & Rowe, 2005
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Allopatiria Verrill, 1913
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Anseropoda Nardo, 1834
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Aquilonastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004
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Asterina Nardo, 1834
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Asterinides Verrill, 1913
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Asterinopsis Verrill, 1913
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Callopatiria Verrill, 1913
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Cryptasterina Dartnall & al. 2003
-
Disasterina Perrier, 1875
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Indianastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004
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Kampylaster Koehler, 1920
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Manasterina H.L. Clark, 1938
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Meridiastra O'Loughlin, 2002
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Nepanthia Gray, 1840
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Paranepanthia Fisher, 1917
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Parvulastra O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004
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Patiria Gray, 1840
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Patiriella Verrill, 1913
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Pseudasterina Aziz & Jangoux, 1985
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Pseudonepanthia A.H. Clark, 1916
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Pseudopatiria O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin & Waters, 2004
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Stegnaster Sladen, 1889
-
Tegulaster Livingstone, 1933
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Tremaster Verrill, 1880
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Ctenaster L. Agassiz, 1836
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Desmopatiria Verrill, 1913
Image:Ailsastra eleaumei.jpg| Ailsastra eleaumei (MNHN)
Image:Allopatiria ocellifera.jpg| Allopatiria ocellifera (MNHN)
Image:Anseropoda placenta.jpg| Anseropoda placenta
Image:Aquilonastra conandae Réunion.png| Aquilonastra conandae
Image:Asterina gibbosa Pennant, 1777.jpg| Asterina gibbosa
Image:Asterinides pilosa.jpg| Asterinides pilosa (MNHN)
Image:Red starfish at Rocky Bay PB022164.JPG| Callopatiria granifera
Image:Cryptic sea star (Cryptasterina sp.).jpg| Cryptasterina sp.
Image:Disasterina abnormalis (MNHN-IE-2017-1490).jpg| Disasterina abnormalis
Image:Indianastra sarasini - Plate 12 (Clark, 1938) (cropped).jpg| Indianastra sarasini
Image:Kampylaster incurvatus (USNM 1116307) 002.jpeg| Kampylaster incurvatus
Image:Meridiastra calcar.jpg| Meridiastra calcar
Image:Pale scaly sea star (Nepanthia maculata).jpg| Nepanthia maculata
Image:Paranepanthia.jpg| Paranepanthia sp.
Image:Parvulastra exigua 2.jpg| Parvulastra exigua
Image:Asterina pectinifera ja01.jpg| Patiria pectinifera
Image:Small barnacles and subtidal cushion star at Lorry Bay PB011900.JPG| Patiriella dyscrita
Image:Pseudonepanthia troughtoni PC269945.JPG| Pseudonepanthia troughtoni
Image:Ambush starfish (Stegnaster inflatus).jpg| Stegnaster inflatus
Image:Tremaster mirabilis.jpg| Tremaster mirabilis
Bibliography
External links
