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In linguistics, assibilation is a sound change resulting in a sibilant consonant. It is a form of spirantization and is commonly the final phase of palatalization.
Diachronically, the phoneme represented by the letter has, in some dialects, experienced assibilation as well. The pronunciation in Classical Arabic is reconstructed to have been or (or perhaps both dialectically); it is cognate to in most other Semitic languages, and it is understood to be derived from that sound in Proto-Semitic. It has experienced extensive change in pronunciation over the centuries and is pronounced at least six different ways across the assorted varieties of Arabic. A common one is , the result of a process of palatalization starting with Proto-West Semitic , then or , then (a pronunciation still current) and finally (in Levantine and non-Algerian Maghrebi Arabic). The last pronunciation is considered acceptable for use in MSA, along with and .
An intermediate stage is preserved in South Estonian in certain cases: tsiga "pig", vs. Finnish sika, Standard (North) Estonian siga.
Assibilation occurs without palatalization for some speakers of African American Vernacular English in which is alveolarized to when it occurs at the end of a syllable and within a word before another consonant, leading to such pronunciations as the following: Phonological Features of African American Vernacular English
The slang in African-American Vernacular English popularized to American English by Ty Dolla Sign's Zaddy may have been formed by analysis of an assibilated /d/ phoneme preceding /æ/ in the first syllable of by the subject girl in question who "wanna come to California / brown skin, from Miami".Jones, Taylor (Apr 14, 2022). "The linguistics of Zaddy". LanguageJones via YouTube.
Some Greek dialects later underwent yet another round of assibilation. *ti shifted to finally in Attic and Ionic GreekSmyth. par. 115: -ti > -si. but not in Doric Greek.Smyth. note 115: Doric -ti.
In French language, lenition then gave (like attention )., which was further palatalized in the English language derived words to (like attention ).
Most dialects of Quebec French apply a more recent assibilation to all dental consonant plosive consonants immediately before high vowel and associated , so that the sequences become pronounced respectively.
Assibilation can occur in some varieties of Spanish language such as in Ecuador and Mexico. It is closely related to the phonetic term sibilation.
Some Slavic languages underwent yet another round of palatalisation. In Polish, in particular, dental consonants became alveolo-palatal fricatives and affricates when followed by a front vowel.
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