Wiki: Andropogoneae - upcScavenger

The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum.Also called "kaoliang": "Shaanxi", in The Columbia-Viking Encyclopedia (1953), New York: Viking. Another spelling is "Sorghum bicolor." All species in this tribe use C₄ carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions.

Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved ( incertae sedis). Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved. From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is doubtful. Affinities within the tribe are complex and still under investigation. Mr. Shahid Nawaz, a grass specialist at the Blatter Herbarium, is working on the phylogenomics of the tribe from India.

According to preliminary Phytogeography research on the tribe by MS Kiran Raj, Peninsular India, home to 54 genera (incl. 9 endemic genera, viz., Bhidea, Lophopogon, Glyphochloa, Pogonachne, Trilobachne, Pseudodichanthium, Triplopogon, Nanooravia, and Manisuris) and roughly 500 species, is thought to be the primary or secondary centre of diversity for Andropogonoid grasses. About 40% of the representative taxa are exclusively endemic to peninsular India, with the highest species diversity and endemicity found in genera like Arthraxon, Chrysopogon, Cymbopogon, Dichanthium, Dimeria, Heteropogon, Ischaemum, Ophiuros, Sehima, and Themeda.

Description

Spikelets within the inflorescence (flower cluster) are generally arranged on spicate racemes in pairs. A fertile, unstalked spikelet is subtended by a sterile, stalked spikelet. In species where awns are present they are found on the fertile, unstalked spikelet as an extension of the lemma.

Subtribes and genera

2017 classification

Classification following Soreng et al. (2017):

2020 classification

Classification following Welker et al. (2020) (one asterisk * marks genera not sampled in their analyses that were tentatively placed based on previously published phylogenetic analyses; two asterisks ** marks genera placed solely on morphology):

Tribe Andropogoneae – 14 subtribes, 92 genera, and about 1224 species

Subtribe Arthraxoninae – 1 genus and about 27 species

Arthraxon – 27 species

Subtribe Tripsacinae – 2 genera and about 23 species

Tripsacum – 16 species
Zea – 7 species

Subtribe Chionachninae – 3 genera and about 12 species

Chionachne – 9 species
Polytoca – 2 species
Trilobachne – 1 species **

Subtribe Rhytachninae – 5 genera and about 26 species

Loxodera – 5 species
Oxyrhachis – 1 species
Rhytachne – 12 species
Urelytrum – 7 species
Vossia – 1 species

Subtribe Chrysopogoninae – 1 genus and about 49 species

Chrysopogon – 49 species

Subtribe Rottboelliinae = Coicinae – 3 genera and about 13 species

Chasmopodium – 3 species *
Coix – 4 species
Rottboellia – 6 species

Subtribe Ratzeburgiinae – 11 genera and about 87 species

Eremochloa – 12 species
Glyphochloa – 9 species
Hackelochloa – 2 species
Hemarthria – 14 species
Heteropholis – 6 species *
Manisuris – 1 species *
Mnesithea – 26 species
Ophiuros – 4 species *
Ratzeburgia – 1 species **
Thaumastochloa – 8 species *
Thyrsia – 4 species

Subtribe Ischaeminae = Dimeriinae – 4 genera and about 152 species

Andropterum – 1 species
Dimeria – 61 species
Eulaliopsis – 2 species
Ischaemum – 88 species

Subtribe Germainiinae – 5 genera and about 44 species

Apocopis – 16 species *
Germainia – 10 species
Imperata – 13 species
Lophopogon – 2 species **
Pogonatherum – 3 species

Subtribe Sorghinae – 4 genera and about 37 species

Cleistachne – 1 species
Lasiorhachis – 3 species
Sarga – 9 species
Sorghum – 24 species

Subtribe Saccharinae – 3 genera and about 64 species

Miscanthus – 30 species
Pseudosorghum – 2 species
Saccharum – 32 species

Subtribe Apludinae – 7 genera and about 68 species

Apluda – 1 species
Asthenochloa – 1 species **
Eulalia – 34 species
Homozeugos – 6 species
Polytrias – 1 species
Sorghastrum – 21 species
Trachypogon – 4 species

Subtribe Anthistiriinae – 9 genera and about 204 species

Bothriochloa – 37 species
Capillipedium – 18 species
Cymbopogon – 59 species
Dichanthium – 22 species
Eremopogon – 4 species *
Euclasta – 2 species
Heteropogon – 6 species
Iseilema – 24 species
Themeda – 32 species

Subtribe Andropogoninae – 11 genera and about 292 species

Anadelphia – 14 species
Andropogon – 125 species
Bhidea – 3 species **
Diectomis – 1 species
Diheteropogon – 4 species
Elymandra – 6 species
Exotheca – 1 species
Hyparrhenia – 58 species
Hyperthelia – 7 species
Monocymbium – 3 species
Schizachyrium – 70 species

Incertae sedis – 23 genera and about 126 species

Agenium – 4 species *
Elionurus – 17 species
Eriochrysis – 11 species
Jardinea – 3 species
Kerriochloa – 1 species
Lasiurus – 1 species
Leptatherum – 3 species *
Microstegium – 27 species
Parahyparrhenia – 6 species
Phacelurus – 6 species *
Pseudopogonatherum – 5 species *
Sehima – 5 species
Spodiopogon – 18 species *
Thelepogon – 2 species
Tripidium – 6 species
Clausospicula – 1 species **
Lakshmia – 1 species **
Pogonachne – 1 species **
Pseudanthistiria – 4 species **
Pseudodichanthium – 1 species **
Spathia – 1 species **
Triplopogon – 1 species **
Veldkampia – 1 species **

Categories: Panicoideae, Poaceae Tribes, Taxa Named By Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier

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