Anahit () was the goddess of fertility and healing, wisdom and water in Armenian mythology.[.]
Armenian Anahit and Persian Anahita
According to Strabo, the "Armenians shared in the religion of the Perses and the Medes and particularly honored Anaitis".
The kings of
Armenia were "steadfast supporters of the cult"
[.] and Tiridates III, before his conversion to Christianity, "prayed officially to the triad
Aramazd-Anahit-
Vahagn but is said to have shown a special devotion to 'the great lady Anahit, ... the benefactress of the whole human race, mother of all knowledge, daughter of the great Aramazd
[ Cit. Agathangelos 22.] According to
Agathangelos, tradition required the Kings of Armenia to travel once a year to the temple at Eriza (Erez) in
Acilisene in order to celebrate the festival of the divinity; Tiridates made this journey in the first year of his reign where he offered sacrifice and wreaths and boughs.
[Agathangelos 21.] The temple at Eriza appears to have been particularly famous, "the wealthiest and most venerable in Armenia",
[Cicero, no 9.23.] staffed with priests and priestesses, the latter from eminent families who would serve at the temple before marrying.
This practice may again reveal Semitic syncretic influences,
and is not otherwise attested in other areas. Pliny reports that
Mark Antony's soldiers smashed an enormous statue of the divinity made of solid gold and then divided the pieces amongst themselves.
[Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia XXXIII.24.] Also according to Pliny, supported by
Dio Cassius, Acilisene eventually came to be known as Anaïtica.
[Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia V.20.][Cassius Dio, Historia Romana XXXVI.48.1] Dio Cassius also mentions that another region along the Cyrus River, on the borders of Albania and Iberia, was also called "the land of Anaïtis."
[Cassius Dio, Historia Romana XXXVI.53.5. Dio calls the river "Cyrnus" rather than "Cyrus".]
Temples dedicated to Anahit
In Armenia, worship of Anahit was established in
Erzincan, Armavir, Artashat and
Ashtishat.
A mountain in the
Sophene district was known as Anahit's throne (
Athor Anahta). The entire district of Erez, in the province of Akilisene (Ekeghiats), was called
Anahtakan Gavar.
According to Plutarch, the temple of Erez was the wealthiest and the noblest in Armenia. During the expedition of Mark Antony in Armenia, the statue was broken to pieces by the Roman soldiers. Pliny the Elder gives us the following story about it: Emperor Augustus, being invited to dinner by one of his generals, asked him if it were true that the wreckers of Anahit's statue had been punished by the wrathful goddess. "No!" answered the general, "on the contrary, I have today the good fortune of treating you with one part of the hip of that gold statue."
The annual festivity of the month Navasard, held in honor of Anahit, was the occasion of great gatherings, attended with dance, music, recitals, competitions, etc. The sick went to the temples in pilgrimage, asking for recovery. The symbol of ancient Armenian medicine was the head of the bronze gilded statue of the goddess Anahit.
== Historians' accounts of Anahit ==
]]
in History Museum of Armenia]]
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According to
Agathangelos, King Trdat extolls the "great Lady Anahit, the glory of our nation and vivifier ...; mother of all chastity, and issue of the great and valiant
Aramazd." The historian
Berossus identifies Anahit with
Aphrodite, while medieval Armenian scribes identify her with
Artemis. According to
Strabo, Anahit's worship included rituals of sacred prostitution,
[Strabo, Geography XI.14.16] but later Christian writers do not mention such a custom.
See also
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
