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Wiki: Voiced Dental And Alveolar Trills
A voiced alveolar trill is a type of sound used in some spoken . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental consonant, alveolar, and postalveolar trill consonant is . It is commonly called the rolled R, rolling R, or trilled R. Quite often, is used in phonemic transcriptions (especially those found in dictionaries) of languages like English language and German language that have that are not an alveolar trill. That is partly for ease of typesetting and partly because is the letter used in the orthographies of such languages.
In many Indo-European languages, a trill may often be reduced to a single vibration in unstressed positions. In Italian, a simple trill typically displays only one or two vibrations, while a geminate trill will have three or more. Languages where trills always have multiple vibrations include Albanian, Spanish language, Cypriot Greek, and a number of Armenian and Portuguese dialects.
People with ankyloglossia may find it exceptionally difficult to articulate the sound because of the limited mobility of their tongues.
Voiced alveolar trill
Features
- Its place of articulation may be
- Dental consonant (behind the upper front teeth),
- alveolar (at the alveolar ridge), or
- post-alveolar (behind the alveolar ridge).
- It is most often Apical consonant, which means it is pronounced with the tip of the tongue.
Occurrence
Dental
| Laminal dental. See Hungarian phonology |
| Palatalized. The language's two other rhotic phonemes, (velarization) and (labialization), are post-alveolar. |
| Apical. See Romanian phonology |
| Apical, palatalized. Usually only a single vibration, presumably due to the palatalization. It contrasts with a post-alveolar trill. See Russian phonology |
Alveolar
| May be a tap instead. See Afrikaans phonology | |||||
| In free variation with by many speakers. | |||||
| Allophone of /ɾ/. | |||||
| Allophone of /ɾ/. | |||||
| More commonly for most speakers. May occur word-initially; as against , which occurs medially and finally. See Bengali phonology | |||||
| Dominant in and around Léon and Morbihan while many other dialects have adopted the voiced uvular fricative. See Breton phonology | |||||
| Bulgarian | работа/ rabota | 'work' | See Bulgarian phonology | ||
| Chuvash language | Cyrillic script | arəs'lan | 'lion' | ||
| Contrasts with ; may be syllabic. See Czech phonology | |||||
| Corresponds to much more back in standard Danish. See Danish phonology | |||||
| See Dutch phonology | |||||
| Only some dialects. Corresponds to in others. See English phonology | |||||
| Some dialects under Welsh language influence. Corresponds to in others. | |||||
| See Estonian phonology | |||||
| See Finnish phonology | |||||
| Allophone of . Usual in clusters, otherwise a tap or an approximant. See Modern Greek phonology | |||||
| Contrasts with . | |||||
| See Hindustani phonology | |||||
| Urdu | rtl=yes / | ||||
| See Indonesian phonology | |||||
| See Italian phonology | |||||
| Shitamachi dialect | から italic=yes | 'from' | Allophone of /ɾ/. See Japanese phonology. | ||
| Kansai dialect | |||||
| See Khmer phonology | |||||
| See Latvian phonology | |||||
| See Lithuanian phonology | |||||
| Malay language | Standard Malay | Jawi alphabet / Malay alphabet]] | 'less' | May be postalveolar approximant , or more commonly, flap . Silent in word-final position for speakers of 'schwa-varieties'. See Malay phonology | |
| Brunei Malay | Corresponds to and in other Malay varieties | ||||
| Sabah Malay | |||||
| Malayalam | Malayalam script]]/rummy | 'rummy' | See Malayalam phonology | ||
| Found in the suffix 子 in various localities, including by not limited to (in Jingzhou), Zhongxiang, Yicheng, Jingmen, and Jiangling County. | |||||
| See Nepali phonology | |||||
| Usually realized as . See Polish phonology. | |||||
| Contrasts with . Many northern dialects retain the alveolar trill, and the trill is still dominant in rural areas. See Portuguese phonology and Guttural R. | |||||
| Velarized. Pronounced as a trill at the beginning of a word, or as rr, or before consonants d, t, l, n, s; otherwise a voiced alveolar tap. Contrasts with and intervocally and word-finally. See Scottish Gaelic phonology | |||||
| May be syllabic. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |||||
| May be a alveolar tap, particularly when not syllabic. | |||||
| Also described as tap , and variable between trill and tap . See Slovene phonology | |||||
| Contrasts with . See Spanish phonology | |||||
| See Swedish phonology | |||||
| Allophone of the more common , especially with more conservative speakers. Schachter and Reid (2008) See Tagalog phonology | |||||
| Tamil language | Tamil script]]/paravai | 'bird' | See Tamil phonology | ||
| See Ukrainian phonology | |||||
| Contrasts with the voiceless alveolar trill, . See Welsh phonology | |||||
| Found in the speech of Qiugong residential community, , Xuanzhou District, Xuanzhou prefecture. Equivalent to in other Wu varieties (cf. Shanghainese ). | |||||
| More commonly a flap ; can be uvular instead. See Yiddish phonology | |||||
| Underlyingly sequence of two . | |||||
Post-alveolar
| Contrasts with . See Catalan phonology |
| Allophone of , medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a postalveolar tap or simply instead. |
| is velarization and is labialization. Another rhotic phoneme in the language, , is dental and palatalized. |
| 'ebb tide' |
| Contrasts with a palatalized dental trill. See Russian phonology |
Variable
| Varies between apical dental and apical alveolar; may be a Alveolar flap instead. See Standard German phonology |
Voiced alveolar fricative trill
Features
- Its place of articulation is laminal alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge.
Examples
| May be a non-sibilant fricative. It contrasts with and . See Czech phonology | |||||
| Dzongkha | རུ་ཏོག་/ | 'bone' | Usually released as a normal trilled r, sometimes it has a slightly fricative character vaguely reminiscent of Czech ř. Dzongkha r is followed by the low register tone. | ||
| 'river' | Only some northern and northwestern speakers. Formerly common over the whole speaking area. | ||||
| Amount of frication variable. May also be a fricative flap | |||||
| Ormuri | Standard (Kaniguram) | تڒګب/ | 'summer' | Corresponds to /ʃ/ in Logar dialect. | |
| Contrasts with and . Present in areas from Starogard Gdański to Malbork and those south, west and northwest of them, area from Lubawa to Olsztyn to Olecko to Działdowo, south and east of Wieleń, around Wołomin, southeast of Ostrów Mazowiecka and west of Siedlce, from Brzeg to Opole and areas to the north, and roughly from Racibórz to Nowy Targ. Most speakers, as well as standard Polish, merge it with , and speakers maintaining the distinction (which is mostly the elderly) sporadically do as well. See Polish phonology | |||||
| Possible realization of the sequence for speakers who realize as . See Portuguese phonology | |||||
| Contrasts with and . Merges with in most Polish dialects. | |||||
| Only in a few dialects near the Polish border. See Slovak phonology | |||||
| Spanish language | rana | ˈr̝änä | 'frog' | Possible realization of /r/ in some dialects, may also be realized as a non-sibilant alveolar fricative ɹ̝- or as a sibilant retroflex fricative ʐ. | |
| Trique languageA. Raymond Elliott, P. Hernández Cruz & F. Sandoval Cruz, "Dàj guruguiˈ yumiguiì 'de como apareció la gente del mundo': leyenda en triqui de Chicahuaxtla". Tlalocan vol. 25, 2020, p.153. | raa | or | 'hand' | Initial allophone of /r/. | |
| Tsakonian | ρζινοδίτζη | r̝inoðitɕi | 'justice of the peace' | /ʒ/ appears to have been a fricative trill in the 19th century, and ʒ survived latterly only in women's usage in Southern Tsakonian. | |
See also
- Index of phonetics articles
Notes
External links
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