Akhund () is a Persian language title or surname for Islamic scholars,
The Standard Chinese word for Imam (), used in particular by the Hui people, also derives from this term.
Duty
Akhunds are religious and spiritual leaders.
They lead the prayers in the
, deliver religious sermons, perform religious ceremonies such as marriage rituals, birth rituals etc. Many of them were magistrates or justices of Sharia courts who also exercised extrajudicial functions, such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. They also often teach in Islamic schools known in Iran as
and in other countries as
.
Akhunds will usually have completed higher studies on Islamic subjects such as Sharia, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Quran etc. They commonly dress in religious attire.
Old usage
In
Iran, they are also called
mullah, molavi,
sheikh,
hajji, or ruhani. The word ruhani means "spiritual, holy". Ruhani is considered a more polite term for Muslim clerics, used by Iranian national television and radio and by devout Muslim families. Akhund is increasingly outmoded in Iran, usually with only the older clerics having the title as part of their name. It has not been used widely as a title since the
Qajar dynasty.
In Afghanistan, and among the Pashtuns of the Afghan-Pakistan border region, the term is still current in its original sense as an honorific.
Use in personal names
The Azerbaijani surname Akhundov (as in e.g. Mirza Fatali Akhundov) is formed from the word akhund.
Akhand is used as a surname among Bengalis.
See also
Further reading
External links
