Akhmim (, ; Akhmimic , ; Sahidic/Bohairic ) is a city in the Sohag Governorate of Upper Egypt. Referred to by the ancient Greeks as Khemmis or Chemmis ()[ and Panopolis (), it is located on the east bank of the Nile, to the northeast of Sohag.
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History
Akhmim was known in Ancient Egypt as Ipu, Apu (according to Heinrich Brugsch the name is related to the nearby village of Kafr Abou)
The city is a suggested hometown for Yuya, the official of Tuthmosis IV and Amenhotep III.
The ithyphallic Min (whom the Greeks identified with Pan) was worshipped here as "the strong Horus." Herodotus mentions the temple dedicated to Perseus and asserts that Chemmis was remarkable for being the hero’s birthplace, wherein celebrations and games were held in his honour after the manner of the Greeks; at which prizes were given. As a matter of fact, some representations are known of and people of Punt (southern coastal Sudan and the coast) climbing up poles before the god Min.
Min was especially a god of the desert routes on the east of Egypt, and the trading tribes are likely to have gathered to his festivals for business and pleasure at Coptos (which was really near Caene) even more than at Akhmim. Herodotus perhaps confused Coptos with Chemmis. Strabo mentions linen-weaving and stone-cutting as ancient industries of Panopolis, and it is not altogether a coincidence that the cemetery of Akhmim is one of the chief sources of the beautiful textiles of Ancient Rome and Christian era age, that are brought from Egypt.
Pachomius the Great founded a monastery known as Tkahshmin in the area.[ Ánnuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ), p. 949] Among the bishops of Panopolis, Le Quien mentions [ Oriens christianus, II, 601–4] Arius, friend of Saint Pachomius who had built three convents in the city, Sabinus, and Menas. Excavations at Akhmim have disclosed numerous Christianity manuscripts, among them fragments of the Book of Henoch, of the Gospel, and of the Apocalypse of Peter, the Acts of the Council of Ephesus, as well as numerous other Christianity inscriptions.
In the 13th century AD, a very imposing temple still stood in Akhmim.
Of Akhmim, in 1818 Jacques Collin de Plancy wrote in his book, the Dictionnaire Infernal, that the city "formerly had the reputation of being the abode of the greatest magicians. Paul Lucas speaks, in his second voyage, of the marvelous serpent of Akhmin, which Muslims honor as an angel, and which Christians believe to be the demon Asmodeus."
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot desert (BWh).
Modern city
Akhmim is the largest town on the east side of the Nile in Sohag Governorate. In 1907, the population of the city was 23,795, of whom about one third were . Akhmim has several and two Coptic churches. The Monastery of the Martyrs is located about 6 km northeast of the city. Akhmim maintains a weekly market, and manufactures cotton goods, notably the blue shirts and check shawls with silk fringes worn by the poorer classes of Egypt. Outside the walls are the scanty ruins of two ancient temples. On the west bank of the Nile opposite of Akhmim, there is railway communication with Cairo and Aswan.
Notable people
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Nakhtmin, 13th Dynasty priest
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Yuya and Tjuyu, parents of Queen Tiye, Anen and possibly Pharaoh Ay
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Tiye ( BC1338 BC), Great Royal Wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III
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Anen, Second Prophet of Amun and brother of Queen Tiye
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Ay, Pharaoh from 1323 to 1319 BC or 1327–1323 BC
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Nakhtmin, general, appointed heir of Ay
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Sennedjem, official under Tutankhamun
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Amenemope, author of Instructions of Amenemope
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Nefrina, woman who died in 275 BCE, her mummy is in the Reading Public Museum, Pennsylvania
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Zosimos of Panopolis, 3rd/4th century alchemist
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Tryphiodorus, 3rd/4th century epic poet
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Cyrus of Panopolis, (Flavius Taurus Seleucus Cyrus; fl. 426–441) East Roman official, philosopher, poet
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Pamprepius (440–484) philosopher, poet, rebel against Emperor Zeno
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Abib and Apollo, 4th century martyrs
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Nonnus, 5th century poet
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Veronica of Syria, 8th century nun, martyr
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Dhul-Nun al-Misri, 9th century Sufi saint
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Muhammed ibn Umail al-Tamimi (900–960) alchemist
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Bahram al-Armani Fatimid vizier (1135–1137) was exiled here
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Al-Nuwayri (1279–1333) Arab historian, encyclopedist
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Yousab El Abah (1735–1826), bishop of Akhmim, theologian, saint
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Maximos Sedfaoui (1863–1925), Apostolic Administrator of the Coptic Catholic Church
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Markos II Khouzam (1888–1958), Patriarch of Alexandria (1947–1958)
See also
Further reading
External links
