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Agattiyam (), also spelled as Akattiyam, according to Tamil tradition, was the earliest book on . It is a non-extant text, traditionally believed to have been compiled and taught in the , (circa 300 BCE) by to twelve students.

(2009). 9780199715008, Oxford University Press. .
Agastya is one of the seven revered of Vedic literature, mentioned in the . A few surviving verses of Akattiyam are said to be quoted in medieval commentaries.Kamil V. Zvelebil, Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature [New York: E. J. Brill, 1992), p246

Agastya, in medieval commentaries of Tamil scholars, is variously credited with either creating the or learning it from the god .

(1975). 9789004041905, BRILL. .
In contrast, according to medieval era Tamil scholars, the sage learned Tamil from Avalokita. These legends are mentioned in Akitti Jataka and in Tamil Buddhist epics. There is no direct mention of the sage's name, or Agattiyam text, in or the bardic poetry of the Sangam literature.

Tolkappiyar (epithet), the author of , which is the oldest extant Tamil grammar, is believed by various traditions to be one of the twelve disciples of Agattiyar. Tolkappiyar is believed to have lived during the and to be the author of the Tolkappiyam that has survived.

(1992). 9788170223740, Concept Publishing Company. .


Legend
The context of the Agattiyam is in Sangam legend. Sangam literally means "gathering, meeting, fraternity, academy". According to David Dean Shulman – a scholar of Tamil language and literature, the Tamil tradition believes that the Sangam literature arose in distant antiquity over three periods, each stretching over many millennia. The first has roots in the Hindu deity Shiva, his son , as well as 545 sages including the famed Rigvedic poet Agastya. The first academy, states the legend, extended over 4 millennia and was located far to the south of modern city of , a location later "swallowed up by the sea", states Shulman.
(2003). 9781594777943, Simon and Schuster. .
The second academy, also chaired by a very long-lived Agastya, was near the eastern seaside Kapāṭapuram and lasted three millennia. This was swallowed by floods. From the second Sangam, states the legend, the Akattiyam and the Tolkāppiyam survived and guided the third Sangam scholars.
(2025). 9780674974654, Harvard University Press. .
Agastya convened this session and wrote the Agattiyam.


Surviving verses
A few verses from Agattiyam have been quoted in medieval commentaries of the , Yapparunkalam virutti, and Nannūl.
(2025). 9780674059924, Harvard University Press. .
The Agattiyam is quoted 18 times in a 13th-century commentary on Nannūl by Mayilainātar.Jean Luc Chevillard, "The Pantheon of Tamil Grammarians: A Short History of the Myth of Agastya's Twelve Disciples", in Écrire et transmettre en Inde classique, ed. Gérard Colas et Gerdi Gerschheimer, Études thématiques, 23 Paris:, p264 However, the authenticity of these verses is uncertain.

states: "In Mayilainātar's commentary on Nannūl, and in Cankaranamaccivāyar's gloss on the same grammar, we find sixteen short sūtras of unequal length (all in all 48 lines) which are possibly genuine fragments of an old grammar, perhaps the Akattiyam."


See also

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