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Acanthognathus (Greek: = thorn, = jaw) is a genus of that are found in tropical Central America and South America.Brown, W. L., Jr., & W. W. Kempf (1969). A Revision of the Neotropical Dacetine Ant Genus Acanthognathus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Psyche 76(2): 87-109. There are 7 living species and 1 extinct species, Acanthognathus poinari, known only from fossil records.
Acanthognathus has large, line-shaped jaws, each with an apical fork of 3 spiniform teeth that interlock when fully closed; Preapical dentition sometimes present but often absent. Jaws open to 170 degrees or more. Basal process of mandible a long curved spur that is minutely bifurcated apically; when the mandibles are fully closed, the basal processes intersect and are ventral to the labrum and at the apex of the labio-maxillary complex; when fully open the mandibles are held in that position by opposition of the basal processes alone. Trigger hairs arise from mandibles (one of each); trigger hairs lie flat against margin when jaws close, becoming erect when the jaws are open.
Mistakenly, the name Acanthognathus was re-used by German ichthyologist George Duncker in 1912 for a genus of syngnathid fish,Duncker, G. (1912). Die Gattungen der Syngnathidae. Mitteilungen Naturhist. Museum Hamburg 29: 219-240. but that is invalid as it is a junior homonym.Ride, W.D.L, H.G. Cogger, C. Dupuis, O. Kraus, A. Minelli, F. C. Thompson & P.K. Tubbs, eds. (1999). International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4th edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. These are now placed in either Dunckerocampus or Doryrhamphus, as the former sometimes is considered a subgenus of the latter.Whitley, G. P. (1933). Studies in ichthyology. No. 7. Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (1): 60-112, Pls. 11-15.Dawson, C. E. (1985). Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to the Americas). i-vi + 1-230. To further confuse, a genus of Nemesiidae spiders, Acanthogonatus, is frequently misspelled Acanthognathus.
| Acanthognathus brevicornis | M. R. Smith, 1944 | |
| Acanthognathus laevigatus | Galvis & Fernández, 2009 | |
| Acanthognathus lentus | Mann, 1922 | |
| Acanthognathus ocellatus | Mayr, 1887 | |
| Acanthognathus poinari | Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 1994Baroni Urbani, C., & De Andrade, M. L. (1994). First description of fossil Dacetini ants with a critical analysis of the current classification of the tribe (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VI: Dacetini). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. Ser. B ((page 12-15, Strumigenys senior synonym of Quadristruma). | |
| Acanthognathus rudis | Brown & Kempf, 1969 | |
| Acanthognathus stipulosus | Brown & Kempf, 1969 | |
| Acanthognathus teledectus | Brown & Kempf, 1969 | |
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