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Abgar VII was king of Osroene from . His primary goal was to remain independent of both the major powers in the region, the Roman Empire and the . Toward this end, he supported the Roman Emperor Trajan's military campaign into Mesopotamia against the Parthian king Osroes I in , ending an era of neutrality toward the Roman Empire. However, in , Abgar also supported a Parthian revolt against Trajan. The Roman general Lusius Quietus responded promptly by capturing and sacking Edessa. Abgar VII died at this time.
Sources do not agree on what happened after Abgar VII's death. Warwick Ball reports that Hadrian appointed Parthamaspates of Parthia as a puppet king of captured territories including Osroene in . He also reports that the Romans reinstated the Abgar dynasty in with the accession of Ma'nu VII. , by contrast, report that there was a span of two years following Abgar VII's death where Edessa had no king before the Abgar dynasty was reinstated by the Emperor Hadrian in as a client kingdom of Rome.
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