Jahangir, ruler of the Mughal Empire in northern India, gives an audience for the first time to a representative of the British East India Company, receiving Sir Thomas Roe at the capital at Ahmedabad.
Ben Jonson's play Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue is given its premiere performance, presented at the Palace of Whitehall in London.
February 18 – Jeong In-hong becomes the new Yeonguijeong (the Yeonguijeong, similar to a Prime Minister) of the Joseon Kingdom in what is now North Korea, after being appointed by the Emperor Gwanghaegun.
March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he soon rejects the idea, but on May 15 confirms the discovery).
April 21 – Spanish-born Jesuit missionary Pedro Páez becomes (probably) the first European to see and describe the source of the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.
May 23 – The Second Defenestration of Prague – Protestant noblemen hold a mock trial, and throw two direct representatives of Ferdinand II of Germany (Imperial Governors) and their scribe out of a window into a pile of manure, exacerbating a low-key rebellion into the Bohemian Revolt (1618–1621), precipitating the Thirty Years' War into armed conflict, and further polarizing Europe on religious grounds.
June 14 – Joris Veseler prints the first Dutch newspaper Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, &c. in Amsterdam (approximate date).
July 1 – Ferdinand II, a proponent of the Counter-Reformation, is crowned as King of Hungary at a meeting of the Bohemian diet at Bratislava.
July 3 – Alonso Fajardo de Entenza becomes the new Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines.
July 20 – Pluto reaches its second most recent aphelion, according to sophisticated mathematical calculations. The next one occurs in 1866, and the following one will occur in 2113.
July 31 – Lenaert Jacobszoon and the crew of the Dutch East India Company ship Mauritius become the first Europeans to sight what is now the Australian state of Western Australia, landing at the North Cape.
August 29 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and Hugo Grotius are imprisoned by Maurice, Prince of Orange.
September 4 – Rodi avalanche: A Rockslide- or snowslide buries the Alps town of Piuro, claiming 2,427 victims.
September 18 – Beginning of the 13th Baktun, in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar (12.0.0.0.0).
September 19 – The Siege of Pilsen begins as the first major battle of the Thirty Years' War, as Bohemian Protestants lay siege to the Bohemian Catholic city and lasts for more than two months.
September 28 – The Battle of Orynin takes place. Polish and Lithuanian Army forces fail to stop an invasion by Crimean Tatars, who then proceed in burning villages in Lithuania and enslaving residents.
October 9 – Residents of Mogilev revolt against Uniate bishop Josaphat Kuntsevych.
October 29 – England adventurer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh is beheaded at the Palace of Westminster, for allegedly conspiring against James I of England in 1603, following pressure from the Spanish government, over his attack on their settlement on the Orinoco, on his last (1617–18) voyage.
November 13 – The Synod of Dort has its first meeting.
November 21 – Pilsen falls to Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld after more than two months of deprivation of food.
December 11 – Russia and Poland sign the Truce of Deulino.
December 3 – Sir William Ayloffe, 3rd Baronet, officer in the Royalist army during the English Civil War (d. 1662)
December 18 – Karl Kaspar von der Leyen, German Catholic archbishop (d. 1676)
December 26 – Elisabeth of the Palatinate, German princess, philosopher, and Calvinist (d. 1680)
December 28 – Catharina Hooft, noblewoman of the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1691)Graeff, P. de (P. de Graeff Gerritsz en Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek) Genealogie van de familie De Graeff van Polsbroek, Amsterdam 1882.
October 24 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noblewoman (b. 1567)
October 29 – Sir Walter Raleigh, English soldier, politician, courtier, explorer, Virginia settler, historian, poet and spy (executed) (b. 1552 of 1554)
Hilary Aidan St. George Saunders (2025). 9787250010652, M. Joseph. . ISBN 9787250010652
October 30
Charles, Margrave of Burgau, German nobleman (b. 1560)
Prospero Farinacci, Italian jurist (b. 1554)
November 2 – Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (b. 1558)
November 14 – Anna Maria of Brandenburg, Duchess Consort of Pomerania (b. 1567)
December 6 – Jacques Davy Duperron, French cardinal (b. 1556)
December 7 – Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas, Spanish Catholic cardinal, Grand Inquisitor (b. 1546)
December 9 – Valentine Knightley, English politician (b. 1555)
December 10 – Giulio Caccini, Italian composer (b. 1551)
David Ewen (1966). 9780824200183, H. W. Wilson Company. . ISBN 9780824200183
December 14 – Anna of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1585)
December 17 – Roger Puleston, Welsh politician (b. 1565)
