<P>Defeat in WWI saw the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and marked the beginning of a prolonged and bloody transition to an independent Turkey, built first on the battlefield and later with ...
^Mango, Andrew (2014). From the Sultan to Ataturk? : Turkey -The Peace Conferences of 1919-23 and Their Aftermath, Consortium Book Sales & Dist. BiggerBooks. ISBN 9781905791651 (revised Jul 2024)
^Andrew Mango (2012). From the Sultan to Atatürk: Turkey, Haus Publishing. Indigo. ISBN 9781905791651 (revised Nov 2022)