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Ziyara(h) ( ziyārah, "visit") or ziyarat (, ziyārat, "pilgrimage"; , "visit") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī'ī Imāms), Sahabah and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufism wali, and Islamic scholars. Sites of pilgrimage include mosques, maqams, battlefields, mountains, and caves.
Ziyārat can also refer to a form of supplication made by the Shia Islam, in which they send salutations and greetings to Muhammad and his Ahl al-Bayt.
Different Muslim-majority countries, speaking many different languages, use different words for these sites where ziyarat is performed:
The early scholars of the salaf, Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 241 AH), Ishaq ibn Rahwayh (d. 238 SH), Abdullah ibn Mubarak (d. 189 AH) and Imam Shafi'i (d. 204 AH) all permitted the practice of Ziyarah to Muhammad's tomb.
According to the Hanbali scholar Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-Barbahari (d. 275 AH), it is also obligatory to send salutations (salam) upon Abu Bakr and Umar after having sent salutations upon Muhammad.al-Barbahārī, Sharḥ al-Sunnah, p. 108
The hadith scholar Qadi Ayyad (d. 544 AH) stated that visiting Muhammad was "a sunna of the Muslims on which there was consensus, and a good and desirable deed."
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 852 AH) explicitly stated that travelling to visit the tomb of Muhammad was "one of the best of actions and the noblest of pious deeds with which one draws near to God, and its legitimacy is a matter of consensus."
Similarly, Ibn Qudamah (d. 620 AH) considered Ziyarat of Muhammad to be recommended and also seeking intercession directly from Muhammad at his grave.Ibn Qudāmah, Abū Muḥammad, Al-Mughnī, (Beirut: Bayt al-Afkār al-Dawliyyah, 2004), p. 795. Other historic scholars who recommended Ziyarah include Al-Ghazali (d. 505 AH), Al-Nawawi (d. 676 AH) and Al-Munawi (d. 1031 AH). The tombs of other Muslim religious figures are also respected. The son of Ahmad ibn Hanbal named Abdullah, one of the primary jurists of Sunnism, reportedly stated that he would prefer to be buried near the shrine of a saintly person than his own father.
This view of Ibn Taymiyyah was rejected by many Sunni scholars, both during his life and after his death. The Shafi'i hadith master Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani stated that "This is one of the ugliest positions that has been reported of Ibn Taymiyya". The Hanafi hadith scholar Ali al-Qari stated that, "Amongst the Hanbalis, Ibn Taymiyya has gone to an extreme by prohibiting travelling to visit the Prophet" Al-Qastallani stated that "The Shaykh Taqi al-Din ibn Taymiyya has abominable and odd statements on this issue to the effect that travelling to visit the Prophet is prohibited and is not a pious deed."
The Shī‘ah do however perform Ziyarah, believing that the entombed figures bear great status in the eyes of God, and seek to have their prayers answered through these people (a form of Tawassul) – Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Musawi writes:
In this regard, Ibn Shu’ba al-Harrani also narrates a hadīth from the Ali al-Naqi of the Twelver:
The Ziyarah of the Imāms is also done by the Shī‘ah, not only as a means of greeting and saluting their masters who lived long before they were born, but also as a means of seeking nearness to God and more of His blessings ( barakah). The Shī‘ah do not consider the hadith collected by al-Bukhari to be authentic,Moojan Moman, Introduction to Shi'i Islam, Yale University Press, 1985, p. 174; Ahmad Abdullah Salamah, Shia & Sunni Perspective on Islam, p. 52. and argue that if things such as Ziyarah and Tawassul were innovations and shirk, Muhammad himself would have prohibited people as a precaution, from visiting graves, or seeking blessings through kissing the sacred black stone at the Kaaba. Risalatan Bayn al-Shaykhayn, p. 17.
http://www.imamreza.net/eng/list.php?id=0113
Tawassul – Seeking a Way unto Allah al-islam.org It is a popular Shi'i belief that to be burial near the burial place of the Imams is beneficial. In Shi'i sacred texts it is stated that the time between death and resurrection ( barzakh) should be spent near the Imams.
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