Prasiolite (also known as green quartz, green amethyst or vermarine) is a green variety of quartz, with its color typically coming from ions within the crystal structure.
Natural prasiolite is exceedingly rare, having been first discovered in the early 19th century in Lower Silesia, Poland with only a few other deposits known to exist. Natural prasiolite deposits include Płóczki Górne (Poland), Bahia (Brazil), Thunder Bay (Canada), and Farm Rooisand (Namibia).[
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Nearly all commercially available prasiolite is artificial, either produced by heat-treating Amethyst from certain locations to 400-500°C, or Irradiation yellow-tinged quartzes. Most amethyst will turn yellow or orange when heated, producing heat-treated amethysts which are often marketed as citrine, but some amethyst will turn green when treated.[ Significant prasiolite production began in the mid-1950s with the discovery that amethysts from the Montezuma mine in Minas Gerais, Brazil turned green when heat-treated.]
Most prasiolite sold is used in jewellery settings, where it can substitute for far more expensive gemstones, such as peridot, tsavorite, and emerald. Prasiolite used for jewelry comes from two main sources: heat-treated amethyst from the Montezuma mine, and irradiated yellow-tinged quartz from various locations throughout Brazil.[
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Green quartz is sometimes incorrectly called green amethyst, which is not an acceptable name for the material according to Federal Trade Commission Guidelines. Other names for green quartz include vermarine and lime citrine.
The word prasiolite literally means "leek-green stone" and is derived from Ancient Greek prason meaning "leek" and lithos meaning "stone". The stone was given its name due to its green-colored appearance.
Natural prasiolite is a very light, translucent green. Darker green quartz is generally the result of artificial treatment,[Gems and Gemstones: Timeless Natural Beauty of the Mineral World By Lance Grande, Allison Augustyn, p.91] with lighter-colored prasiolite often irradiated with gamma rays as an attempt to obtain deeper colors.
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