A tarmida (singular form in , plural form in ; ; ; ) is a junior Mandaean priest in Mandaeism. , or head priests, rank above tarmidas.[Drower, E. S. 1960. The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis. Oxford: Clarendon Press.]
Etymology
Häberl (2022) considers the Mandaic word
tarmida to be a borrowing from Hebrew
talmid ().
Ordination
Tarmida initiates or
(ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ ) can come from any "pure" family. In other words, the families must be ritually pure, meaning that there are no family members who have committed grave sins. Ritually pure laymen are also known as
hallali in
Mandaic language. Typically, the novices have been trained as ritual assistants (
shganda or
ašganda) when they were children. Initiates may or may not be married, although typically they are not yet married.
In order to be ordained as a tarmida, the initiate (ࡔࡅࡀࡋࡉࡀ ) must go through a complex series of initiation rituals lasting 68 days. Various rituals are performed by the initiator priest (ࡓࡁࡀ ), who recites from priestly esoteric texts such as The Coronation of the Great Shishlam (),[Drower, E. S. 1962. The Coronation of the Great Šišlam: Being a Description of the Rite of the Coronation of a Mandaean Priest according to the ancient Canon. Leiden: Brill.] the Scroll of Exalted Kingship (),[Drower, E. S. 1963. A Pair of Naṣoraean Commentaries: Two Priestly Documents, the Great First World and the Lesser First World. Leiden: Brill.] and the Qulasta. Ritual helpers ( šganda or ࡔࡂࡀࡍࡃࡀ ), who represent emissaries from the World of Light, also help perform the rituals, many of which are held in a specially constructed priest initiation hut ( škinta) and also a nearby temporary reed hut ( andiruna).
Stages
-
For the first 7 of the 68 days, both the novice and the initiator stay in the škinta without sleeping. This period is concluded by the novice baptizing the initiator.
-
Next, the novice goes through 60 days of seclusion, maintains his ritual purity, and cooks his own food. Only the šganda, who visits everyday to exchange kušṭa, is allowed to come in contact with the novice. 180 rahmas (devotional prayers) are recited during these 60 days, with 60 prayers each meant for the soul, spirit, and body (hence 3 sets of 60) as the Coronation text explains.
-
After the 60 days of seclusion are over, additional rituals are performed with priests, including a zidqa brikha (blessed oblation; ) ritual meal.
-
Finally, the novice baptizes his initiator again, and the 68-day ordination ceremony is complete.
Prayer sequence
Below is the sequence of
Qulasta prayer numbers for the tarmida initiation according to both the
Coronation and
Exalted Kingship.
Exalted Kingship contains more detailed descriptions of the rituals, while the
Coronation is shorter. During the prayers,
pihta ࡐࡉࡄࡕࡀ (sacramental bread) and
mambuha ࡌࡀࡌࡁࡅࡄࡀ (sacramental water) are also consumed. Ritual handclasps (
kušṭa) are often exchanged between the novice and the initiator, and sometimes also with the ritual assistant (
šganda). Various names of the deceased (
zhara ࡆࡄࡀࡓࡀ) are also uttered along with the prayers.
Initiation begins
|
| 323 |
| 1–103 |
| 324–327 |
| 3, 5, 19 |
| 79, 80, 81 |
Preparation for baptizing novice
|
| 1, 3, 5, 19 |
| 32 |
| 8, 34 |
| 75–77 |
| 35 |
Baptism of novice begins
|
| 10–13 |
| 18 |
| 414 |
| 19 |
| 1st kušṭa |
| 82 |
| 20–24 |
| 2nd kušṭa |
| 36–45 (pihta and mambuha) |
| 3rd kušṭa |
| 25–28 (sealing prayers) |
| 29, 30, 83–86, 88, 90 |
| 71–72 (1st concurrence) |
| 4th kušṭa |
| 18, 109 (rahmas devotions) |
| 58 |
| 65 |
| 168–169 |
| 71–72 (2nd concurrence) |
| 36–45 (pihta and mambuha) |
| 59–60 |
| 31, 8 |
| 72 |
| 171 |
| mqaimitun "be |
| 80 |
| 5th kušṭa |
| 63 |
| 178 |
| |
| |
| 233–256 |
| |
The Coronation contains 3 sets of prayers during the final part of the ritual that are not listed in Exalted Kingship.
Novice crowned
|
| 1, 3, 5, 19 |
| 35, 9 |
| 15–17 |
| 25–28 |
Hamra ceremony
Cult hut (škinta) period begins
|
| 72, 31, 8, 94, 63, kḏ azil |
| 106–108 |
| 1, 3, 5, 19 |
| 8 |
| 165–169 |
| 113 |
| 114–116 |
| 77, 9, 35 |
| 15–17 |
| 25–28 |
| 58, 65 |
| |
| 165 |
| 71–72 (3rd concurrence) |
| 36–45 |
| 59–60 |
| 72 |
| 171 |
| 80 |
| kušṭa |
Prayers 34 and 119–122 (first 4 Sunday rahma prayers) are included in the Coronation, but not Exalted Kingship.
Gallery
The gallery below contains images of a tarmida initiation held in Baghdad in 2008.
[Yuhana Nashmi, " Initiation of a Priest (Slideshow)." The Worlds of Mandaean Priests. Accessed February 23, 2022.]
being built]]
]]
'']]
assembled in the background]]
External links
