The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the heart. The left subclavian vein plays a key role in the absorption of Lipid, by allowing products that have been carried by lymph in the thoracic duct to enter the bloodstream. The diameter of the subclavian veins is approximately 1–2 cm, depending on the individual.
Structure
Each subclavian vein is a continuation of the
axillary vein and runs from the outer border of the
first rib to the medial border of
scalene muscles.
From here it joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein (also known as "innominate vein"). The angle of union is termed the
venous angle.
The subclavian vein follows the subclavian artery and is separated from the subclavian artery by the insertion of anterior scalene.
Function
The
thoracic duct drains into the left subclavian vein,
near its junction with the left internal jugular vein. It carries
lymph (water and solutes) from the
lymphatic system, as well as
chylomicrons or
chyle, formed in the
intestines from dietary fat and
lipids, allowing these to enter the bloodstream; the products of
Fat and
Lipid can then be carried by the bloodstream to the hepatic portal vein, and then finally to the liver. Consequently, the left subclavian vein plays a key role in the absorption of these fats and lipids.
The right lymphatic duct drains its lymph into the junction of the right internal jugular vein, and the right subclavian vein.
Clinical relevance
Central venous lines
As the subclavian vein is large, central and relatively superficial, the right subclavian vein is often used to place central venous lines.
It is less commonly used than other approaches, such as the right internal jugular vein, due to the risk of
pneumothorax,
Hemothorax, and
Venipuncture of the accompanying subclavian artery.
Thoracic outlet syndrome
The subclavian vein may be blocked in thoracic outlet syndrome.
This can lead to arm
Edema,
pain, and
cyanosis.
The cause of the thoracic outlet syndrome, whether a
thrombus or external pressure, must be removed immediately.
Etymology
Sub (below), and
clavian (pertaining to the
clavicle).
Disorders
Paget–Schroetter disease includes the
thrombosis of the subclavian veins, in this case usually caused by exercise-induced strains.
See also
==Additional images==
