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Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. pp. 354–361. .Podkopaeva (D.), Grabovich (M.), Kuever (J.), Lysenko (A.M.), Tourova (T.P.), Kolganova (T.V.) and Dubinia (G.): Proposal of Spirillum winogradskyi sp. nov., a novel microaerophilic species, an amended description of the genus Spirillum and Request for an Opinion regarding the status of the species Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2009, 59, 2916-2920. There are two species of Spirillum with validly or effectively published names - Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans.
Other "species" classified as Spirillum such as " Spirillum minus", " Spirillum pleomorphum", and " Spirillum pulli" are of uncertain phylogeny and in any case, these are names that have never been validly or effectively published and thus have no standing in nomenclature.
Morphology
Members of the genus Spirillum are large, elongate, spiral bacteria, rigid cells. Some have tufts of Amphitrichous at both poles. They are microaerophilic and usually found in stagnant freshwater rich in organic matter.
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