Product Code Database
The Scorpaeniformes are a diverse order of Actinopterygii, including the and sculpins, but have also been called the Scleroparei. It is one of the five largest orders of bony fishes by number of species, with over 1,320.
They are known as "mail-cheeked" fishes due to their distinguishing characteristic, the suborbital stay: a backwards extension of the third circumorbital bone (part of the lateral head/cheek skeleton, below the eye socket) across the cheek to the preoperculum, to which it is connected in most species.
Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivore, mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish. Most species live on the sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from deep water, from the midwater, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded pectoral fin and . Most species are less than in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the belonging to the family Aploactinidae, which can be just long as adults, to the skilfish ( Erilepis zonifer), which can reach in total length.
One of the suborders of the Scorpaeniformes is the Scorpaenoidei. This suborder is usually found in the benthic zone, which is the lowest region of any water body like oceans or lakes.
There are two groups of the Scorpaenoidei. The sea robins is the first, which are further classified into two families: the sea robins and the armored sea robins. One significant difference between the two families of sea robins is the presence of spine-bearing plate on the armored sea robins which is absent in the sea robins family.
The second group of the Scorpaenoidei suborder is the scorpionfishes, which according to Minouri Ishida's work in 1994 and recent studies, have twelve families. The scorpionfishes are very dynamic in size with the smallest one having a range of 2–3 cm, while the largest have a length of approximately 100 cm.
Order Scorpaeniformes
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Classification
The division of Scorpaeniformes into families is not settled; accounts range from 26 to 35 families. (1998). 9780940228474, California Academy of Sciences. ISBN 9780940228474 The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the order as follows:
This classification is not settled, however, and some authorities classify these groupings largely within the Order Perciformes as the Scorpaenoidei, Platycephaloidei, Triglioidei and Cottoidei, Cottodei including the infraorders Anoplopomatales, Zoarcales, Gasterosteales, Zaniolepidoales, Hexagrammales and Cottales. These largely correspond with the superfamilies in the Cottoidei set out in the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.
Timeline of genera
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from: -66.0 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene]]
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene]]
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene]]
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene]]
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[[H.|Holocene]]
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from: -66.0 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]]
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]]
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Q.|Quaternary]]
align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left
color:eocene bar:NAM1 from:-55.8 till:-48.6 text:[[Eosynanceja]]
color:eocene bar:NAM2 from:-55.8 till:-33.9 text:[[Eocottus]]
color:eocene bar:NAM3 from:-55.8 till:-5.33 text:[[Ctenopomichthys]]
color:eocene bar:NAM4 from:-55.8 till:0 text:[[Platycephalus]]
color:eocene bar:NAM5 from:-37.2 till:0 text:[[Lepidotrigla]]
color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-37.2 till:0 text:[[Notesthes]]
color:eocene bar:NAM7 from:-37.2 till:0 text:[[Podothecus]]
color:eocene bar:NAM8 from:-37.2 till:0 text:[[Scorpaena]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM9 from:-33.9 till:0 text:[[Agonus]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM10 from:-33.9 till:0 text:[[Pontinus]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM11 from:-33.9 till:0 text:[[Sebastes]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM12 from:-33.9 till:0 text:[[Trigla]]
color:miocene bar:NAM13 from:-23.03 till:0 text:[[Neoplatycephalus]]
color:miocene bar:NAM14 from:-23.03 till:0 text:[[Peristedion]]
color:miocene bar:NAM15 from:-15.97 till:0 text:[[Hoplichthys]]
color:miocene bar:NAM16 from:-11.61 till:-5.33 text:[[Achrestogrammus]]
color:miocene bar:NAM17 from:-11.61 till:-5.33 text:[[Lirosceles]]
color:miocene bar:NAM18 from:-11.61 till:0 text:[[Sebastodes]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM19 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Artedius]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM20 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Chitonotus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM21 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Enophrys]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM22 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Icelinus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM23 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Lepidocottus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM24 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Leptocottus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM25 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Malacocottus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM26 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Prionotus]]
color:pliocene bar:NAM27 from:-5.33 till:0 text:[[Radulinus]]
color:pleistocene bar:NAM28 from:-2.59 till:0 text:[[Cyclopterus]]
color:pleistocene bar:NAM29 from:-2.59 till:0 text:[[Eutrigla]]
color:pleistocene bar:NAM30 from:-2.59 till:0 text:[[Ophiodon]]
color:pleistocene bar:NAM31 from:-2.59 till:0 text:[[Scorpaenichthys]]
color:pleistocene bar:NAM32 from:-2.59 till:0 text:[[Zaniolepis]]
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from: -66.0 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[[Paleocene]]
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[[Eocene]]
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[[Oligocene]]
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[[Miocene]]
from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio.
from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist.
from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[[H.|Holocene]]
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from: -66.0 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[[Paleogene]]
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[[Neogene]]
from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[[Q.|Quaternary]]
See also
Notes
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