Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.
In literature
The period of post-romanticism in poetry is defined as the mid-to-late nineteenth century,
but includes the much earlier poetry of Letitia Elizabeth Landon
and Tennyson.
[Richard Bradford, A Linguistic History of English Poetry, New York: Routledge, 1993, p. 134. .]
Notable post-romantic writers
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Herman Melville
[Robert Milder, Exiled Royalties: Melville and the Life We Imagine, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 41. ]
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Thomas Carlyle
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Gustave Flaubert
[Stephen Heath, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 13. .]
In music
Post-romanticism in
music refers to composers who wrote classical symphonies, operas, and songs in transitional style that constituted a blend of late romantic and early modernist musical languages.
Arthur Berger described the mysticism of La Jeune France as post-Romanticism rather than neo-Romanticism.
[Virgil Thomson. Virgil Thomson: A Reader: Selected Writings, 1924–1984, edited by Richard Kostelanetz, New York: Routledge, 2002, p. 268. .]
Post-romantic composers created music that used traditional forms combined with advanced harmony. Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji created post-romantic nocturnes that used unconventional harmonic language and Béla Bartók, for example, "in such Richard Strauss-influenced works as Duke Bluebeard's Castle", may be described as having still used "dissonance 'such in traditional forms of music for purposes of post-romantic expression, not simply always as an appeal to the primal art of sound".[Daniel Albright. Modernism and Music: An Anthology of Sources, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004, pp. 243–244. .]
Other notable post-romantic composers
Further reading
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Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music, 7th ed., New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
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Tilby, Michael. Review of Claudia Moscovici, Romanticism and Postromanticism. , vol. 62, no. 4, October 2008, pp. 486–487.
See also
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Victorian literature
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Marxist-Leninist views on Romanticism
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Underground culture
