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Papyrology is the study of of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., preserved on portable media from antiquity, the most common form of which is papyrus, the principal writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Ancient Rome. Papyrology includes both the translation and interpretation of ancient documents in a variety of languages as well as the care and conservation of rare papyrus originals.
Papyrology as a systematic discipline dates from the 1880s and 1890s, when large caches of well-preserved papyri were discovered by in several locations in Egypt, such as Arsinoe (Faiyum) and Oxyrhynchus. Leading centres of papyrology include Oxford University, Heidelberg University, the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussamlung at the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Columbia University, the University of Michigan, Leiden University, the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, University of California, Berkeley and the Istituto Papirologico "G. Vitelli" connected to the University of Florence.
Founders of papyrology were the Viennese orientalist (Arabic papyrology),Jane Turner, The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries, 1996, p.548 Wilhelm Schubart (Greek papyrology), The Harvard Theological Review, Harvard Divinity School 1941, p.220 the Austrian antiquarian who acquired more than 100,000 Greek, Arabic, Coptic and Persian papyri in Egypt, which were bought by the Austrian Archduke Rainer to form the Rainer collection,Glenn W. Most, Disciplining Classics: Altertumswissenschaft als Beruf, 2002, p.192 Grigol Tsereteli, who published papyri of Russian and Georgian collections,Bobodzhan Gafurovich Gafurov, Yuri Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ, Fifty Years of Soviet Oriental Studies, Institut narodov Azii (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR) 1968, p.11 Frederic George Kenyon,Leo Deuel, Testaments of Time: The Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records, Knopf, 1965, p. 335 Otto Rubensohn, Ulrich Wilcken, Bernard Pyne Grenfell, Arthur Surridge HuntOxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies, The Journal of Jewish Studies, Jewish Chronicle Publications, 1974, p.420 and other distinguished scientists.
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