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Exertion is the physical or perceived use of energy.Newton's Third Law, Elert, Glenn. “Forces.” Viscosity – The Physics Hypertextbook, physics.info/newton-first/. Exertion traditionally connotes a strenuous or costly effort, resulting in generation of force, initiation of motion, or in the performance of Mechanical work. It often relates to muscular activity and can be quantified, empirically and by measurable metabolic response.
Exertion often results in force generated, a contributing dynamic of general motion. In mechanics it describes the use of force against a Physical body in the direction of its motion (see vector).
Exertion requires, of the body, modified oxygen uptake, increased heart rate, and autonomic monitoring of blood lactate concentrations. Mediators of physical exertion include cardio-respiratory and musculoskeletal strength, as well as metabolic capability. (2025). 9780849379093 ISBN 9780849379093 This often correlates to an output of force followed by a refractory period of recovery. Exertion is limited by cumulative load and repetitive motions.
Muscular energy reserves, or stores for Biomechanics exertion, stem from metabolic, immediate production of ATP and increased oxygen consumption. Muscular exertion generated depends on the muscle length and the velocity at which it is able to shorten, or contract.
Perceived exertion can be explained as subjective, perceived experience that mediates response to somatic sensations and mechanisms. A rating of perceived exertion, as measured by the RPE-scale, or Borg scale, is a quantitative measure of physical exertion.
Often in health, exertion of oneself resulting in cardiovascular stress showed reduced physiological responses, like cortisol levels and mood, to stressors. Therefore, biological exertion is effective in mediating psychological exertion, responsive to environmental stress.
Overexertion causes more than 3.5 million injuries a year. An overexertion injury can include sprains or strains, the stretching and tear of ligaments, tendons, or muscles caused by a load that exceeds the human ability to perform the work.
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