Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary cavity portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders.[ It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease, sickle-cell disease and osteoarthritis among others. Osteosclerosis can be classified in accordance with the causative factor into acquired and hereditary.][
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Types
Acquired osteosclerosis
Hereditary osteosclerosis
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Malignant infantile osteopetrosis
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Neuropathic infantile osteopetrosis
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Infantile osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis
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Infantile osteopetrosis with immunodeficiency
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IO with leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome (LAD-III)
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Intermediate osteopetrosis
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Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg)
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Pyknodysostosis (osteopetrosis acro-osteolytica)
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Osteopoikilosis (Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome)
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Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis
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Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia
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Progressive diaphysis dysplasia (Camurati–Engelmann disease)
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sclerostin-related sclerosing bone dysplasias
Diagnosis
Osteosclerosis can be detected with a simple radiography. There are white portions of the bone which appear due to the increased number of bone .
Animals
In the animal kingdom, there also exists a non-pathological form of osteosclerosis, resulting in unusually solid bone structure with little to no marrow. It is often seen in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters,[Houssaye, A. (2009). "Pachyostosis" in aquatic amniotes: a review. Integrative Zoology 4(4): 325-340.] providing ballast as an adaptation for an aquatic lifestyle. It makes bones heavier, but also more fragile. In those animal groups, osteosclerosis often occurs together with bone thickening (pachyostosis). This joint occurrence is called pachyosteosclerosis.
See also
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Axial osteomalacia
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Pachyostosis
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Pachyosteosclerosis
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Heinrich Albers-Schönberg
External links
