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An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula. For example, a solution of table salt, also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as . The word aqueous (which comes from aqua) means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or solvation in, water. As water is an excellent solvent and is also naturally abundant, it is a ubiquitous solvent in chemistry. Since water is frequently used as the solvent in experiments, the word solution refers to an aqueous solution, unless the solvent is specified.Peter Atkins (2004). 071675701X, W.H. Freeman and Company. 071675701X
A non-aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is a liquid, but is not water.
Aqueous solutions may contain, especially in the alkaline zone or subjected to radiolysis, hydrated atomic hydrogen and hydrated electrons.
Non-electrolytes, conversely, are substances that dissolve in water, yet maintain their molecular integrity: they do not dissociate into ions. Examples include sugar, urea, glycerol, and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM).
A common metathesis reaction in aqueous solutions is a precipitation reaction. This reaction occurs when two aqueous strong electrolyte solutions mix and produce an insoluble solid, also known as a precipitate. The ability of a substance to dissolve in water is determined by whether the substance can match or exceed the strong attractive forces that water molecules generate between themselves. If the substance lacks the ability to dissolve in water, the molecules form a precipitate.
When writing the equations of precipitation reactions, it is essential to determine the precipitate. To determine the precipitate, one must consult a Solubility chart. Soluble compounds are aqueous, while insoluble compounds are the precipitate. There may not always be a precipitate. Complete and net ionic equations are used to show dissociated ions in metathesis reactions. When performing calculations regarding the reacting of one or more aqueous solutions, in general one must know the concentration, or molarity, of the aqueous solutions.
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