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An impersonator is someone who imitates or copies the behavior or actions of another. There are many reasons for impersonating someone:
Some interest in celebrity impersonators, may arise from the consumer desire to see a celebrity who has died. The dead celebrity market was estimated to generate $2.25 billion globally, with celebrity impersonators used in live entertainment shows and advertising.
One of the most prominent examples of this phenomenon is the case of Elvis Presley. Edward Moss has appeared in movies and sitcoms, impersonating Michael Jackson.
There are other motivations for celebrity impersonation, Tom Jones has attracted his share of impersonators from different places around the world. From the United States, to South East Asia, to the UK, there are performers who either sound like him or imitate his act. Billboard, 9 May 1998 - Page 60 Newsmakers, Now The Real Thing.
A 2010 research study explored how celebrity impersonation performance acts are understood by Audience, within an interactional frame, where the Performing arts and audience collaborate by recognising the 'game' of pretending to be a celebrity. It proposed that this type of impersonation goes beyond imitation and is in fact a complex interaction, where the real and artificial coexist comfortably.
A more recent example in the United Kingdom, is the offence of impersonating a designated officer. This offence can result in a custodial sentence.
In the United States, it is an offence to impersonate a federal officer. In 2025, there were a number of Arrest, due to civilians impersonating immigration officials, whilst the FBI began to probe an effort to access the personal phone of Susie Wiles, the White House chief of staff, that had involved impersonation.
In a Colorado case, an immigrant was charged with "criminal impersonation" for using another person's Social Security number when signing up for a job, some courts have ruled that supplying this wrong information may not be criminal. The ruling hinges on whether there was harm to the other person.
Often, criminal impersonation involves someone impersonating a victim for financial gain. In Australia, a woman in Melbourne used three victims identities to file ten Fraud business activity statements and registered as a tax agent, in order to commit criminal offences. In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, traced an individual who was subsequently charged, after being accused of impersonating banking clients, to commit fraud.
Within online dating, the phenomenon of catfishing has arisen, where individuals impersonate the identity of someone else, whilst forming romantic relationships. Motivations for this can include to check on partner fidelity, for monetary gain or simply out of curiosity.
Online impersonation can be used as a cyberbullying tactic, that in some instances creates a permanent and accessible record that anyone can view. This can can have a significant impact, such as hindering employment prospects.
Online impersonation has led to debates around whether identity verification should be a requirement on some online platforms. Some jurisdictions are attempting to introduce new laws to help combat this problem, for example in Nepal.
In 2019, a UK based energy firm's CEO was scammed over the phone when he was ordered to transfer €220,000 into a Hungarian bank account by an individual who used audio deepfake technology to impersonate the voice of the firm's parent company's chief executive.
As of 2023, the combination advances in deepfake technology, which could clone an individual's voice from a recording of a few seconds to a minute, and new text generation tools, enabled automated impersonation scams, targeting victims using a convincing digital clone of a friend or relative.
Celebrity impersonation has been conducted using deepfake technology, for different purposes. For entertainment purposes, deepfake celebrity impersonation has been used. A number of cases were reported that involved scam victims believing they were communicating with celebrities.
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