In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Government of Ukraine on 12 June 2020.
A municipality is designated urban hromada if its administration is located in a city; settlement hromada if it is located in a settlement ( selyshche), and rural hromada if it is located in a village ( selo) or a selyshche. Hromadas are grouped to form raions (districts); groups of raions form oblasts (regions). Optionally, a municipality may be divided into Starosta okruh (similar to Civil parish in Great Britain or Frazione in Italy), which are the lowest level of local government in Ukraine.
Similar terms exist in Poland ( gromada) and in Belarus ( hramada). The literal translation of this term is "community", similar to the terms used in western European states, such as Germany ( Gemeinde), France ( commune), Italy ( comune), and Portugal ( freguesia), or in several English-speaking countries ( township).
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History The Constitution of Ukraine and some other laws, including the "Law on local self-governance", delegate certain rights and obligations for hromadas. Types of hromadas include cities, rural settlements, and villages. In his draft constitutional amendments of June 2014, President Petro Poroshenko proposed changing the administrative divisions of Ukraine, which he felt should include oblasts, raions and hromadas. Poroshenko suggests granting status of regions to Crimea, Kyiv, Sevastopol, creating new political subdivision of 'community' , Interfax-Ukraine (26 June 2014) On 12 June 2020 the Government of Ukraine approved the territories and administrative centers of the hromadas, which cover settlements in all regions of Ukraine except for Crimea. A total of 1470 hromadas were approved. On 12 August 2020 the Sokoliv hromada of the Cherkasy Oblast became a part of the Zhashkiv hromada. Thus, there were 1469 hromadas.
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