This list includes all events which have been classified as genocide by significant scholarship. As there are varying definitions of genocide, this list includes events around which there is ongoing scholarly debate over their classification as genocide and is not a list of only events which have a scholarly consensus to recognize them as genocide. This list excludes which have not been explicitly defined as genocidal. According to the Genocide Convention, genocides have happened in all historical periods.
Concept of genocide
Polish–Jewish lawyer
Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in response to world events such as the Armenian genocide and World War II.
His initial definition was "the destruction of a nation or of an ethnic group" in which its members were not targeted as individuals, but rather as members of the group. The objectives of genocide "would be the disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups". Lemkin brought his proposal to criminalize genocide to the newly established
United Nations in 1946. Opposition to the convention was greater than Lemkin expected due to states' concerns that it would lead their own policies—including treatment of indigenous peoples, European colonialism, racial segregation in the United States, and Soviet nationalities policy—to be labeled genocide. Before the convention was passed, powerful countries (both Western powers and the Soviet Union) secured changes in an attempt to make the convention unenforceable and applicable to their
Cold War' actions but not their own. Few formerly colonized countries were represented and "most states had no interest in empowering their victims– past, present, and future".
The 1948 Genocide Convention defines genocide as:
The result severely diluted Lemkin's original concept; he privately considered it a failure. Lemkin's anti-colonial conception of genocide was transformed into one that favored colonial powers. Among the violence freed from the stigma of genocide was the destruction of political groups, which the Soviet Union is particularly blamed for blocking. Although Lemkin credited women's NGOs with securing the passage of the convention, the gendered violence of forced pregnancy, marriage, and divorce was left out. Additionally omitted was ethnic cleansing—which had been carried out by the Soviet Union and its satellites, condoned by the Western Allies, against millions of Germans from central and Eastern Europe.
Many countries have incorporated genocide into their municipal law, varying to a lesser or greater extent from the convention. The convention's definition of genocide was adopted verbatim by the ad hoc international criminal tribunals and by the Rome Statute that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). The crime of genocide also exists in customary international law and is therefore prohibited for non-signatories.
List
The term
genocide is contentious and as a result its definition varies. This list only considers acts which are recognized in significant scholarship as genocides.
{|class="sortable wikitable col1left col2left col7left" style="text-align:center"
|+List of genocides in reverse chronological order
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="35%" | Event
! scope="col" rowspan="2" width="35%" | Location
! scope="col" colspan="2" width="15%" | Period
! scope="col" colspan="2" width="15%" | Estimated killings
|-
! From
! To
! Lowest
! Highest
|-
! scope="col" colspan="2" class="unsortable" | Description
! scope="col" colspan="4" class="unsortable" | Proportion of group killed
|-
| Gaza genocide
| data-sort-value="Palestine"| Gaza Strip, Palestine
| 2023
| Present
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
The Gaza genocide is the ongoing Genocide of the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip by Israel during the Gaza war, carried out with the Genocidal intent Gaza's population in whole or in part through extermination,
-
More than 10,000 presumed dead under rubble
-
2.7–14.1% of pre-war Gazan population killed
|-
| Rohingya genocide
| data-sort-value="Myanmar"|
Rakhine State,
Myanmar
| 2016
| Present
| –
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | The Rohingya genocide
is a series of ongoing persecutions and killings of the Muslim
Rohingya people by the
Tatmadaw. The genocide has consisted of two phases to date: the first was a military crackdown that occurred from October 2016 to January 2017, and the second has been occurring since August 2017.
The crisis forced over a million Rohingya to flee to other countries. Most fled to
Bangladesh, resulting in the creation of the world's largest refugee camp,
while others escaped to India,
Thailand,
Malaysia, and other parts of
South Asia and Southeast Asia, where they continue to face persecution. The Rohingya are denied citizenship under the 1982 Myanmar nationality law, and are falsely regarded as Bengali immigrants by much of Myanmar's
Bamar people majority, to the extent that the government refuses to acknowledge the Rohingya's existence as a valid ethnic group.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Before the 2015 refugee crisis, the Rohingya population in Myanmar was around 1.0 to 1.3 million. Since 2015, over 900,000 Rohingya refugees have fled to southeastern Bangladesh alone, and more to other surrounding countries. More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Myanmar are confined in camps for internally displaced persons.
|-
| Persecution of Uyghurs in China
|date-sort-value="China"|
Xinjiang, China
| 2016
| Present
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Widespread human rights violations by the Chinese Communist Party against
Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities have often been characterized as genocide.
There have been reports of mass arbitrary arrests and detention,
torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation,
forced labour,
sexual violence, and violations of reproductive rights, including forced sterilization.
The
Uyghur Tribunal concluded that there was "no evidence of mass killings" but that "alleged efforts to prevent births amounted to genocidal intent."
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
-
Birth rates among Uyghurs had fallen by 24% as of 2020 due to Chinese policies.
|-
| Genocide of Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukrainian War
|data-sort-value="Ukraine"|
Ukraine
| 2014
| Present
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Several genocide scholars,
commentators, legal experts, Human Rights Organizations and the national parliaments of several countries have declared that Russian war crimes and crimes against humanity committed against
Ukrainians civilians during the Russo-Ukrainian war, including mass killings, deliberate attacks on shelters, evacuation routes, and humanitarian corridors, indiscriminate bombardment of residential areas, deliberate and systematic infliction of life-threatening conditions by military sieges, rape and sexual violence amount to genocide and incitement to genocide with intent to destroy the Ukrainian national group.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
-
Also includes the unlawful deportation and transfer of over 307,000 Ukrainian children into Russia.
|-
|
Yazidi genocide
| data-sort-value="Iraq"|
Islamic State-controlled territory in northern
Iraq and
Syria
| 2014
| 2017
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the
Islamic State throughout
Iraq and
Syria between 2014 and 2017.
It was characterized by massacres,
genocidal rape, and forced conversions to
Islam. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men.
The United Nations' Commission of Inquiry on Syria officially declared in its report that ISIS was committing genocide against the
Yazidis population. It is difficult to assess a precise figure for the killings but it is known that some thousand of Yazidis men and boys were still unaccounted for and ISIS genocidal actions against Yazidis people were still ongoing, as stated by the International Commission in June 2016.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | A study found 3,100 killed and 6,880 were kidnapped, amouting to 2.5% of Yazidis being either killed or kidnapped.
By 2015, upwards of 71% of the global Yazidi population was displaced by the genocide, with most Yazidi refugees having fled to Iraq's
Kurdistan Region and Syria's Rojava.
|-
|
Darfur genocide
| data-sort-value="Sudan"|
Darfur, Sudan
| 2003
| 2005
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Darfur genocide is the systematic killing of ethnic
Darfuri people which has occurred during the war in Darfur. The genocide, which is being carried out against the
Fur people,
Masalit people and
Zaghawa people ethnic groups, has led the International Criminal Court to indict several people for crimes against humanity, rape, forced transfer and
torture. This includes Sudan's president
Omar al-Bashir for his role in the genocide. An estimated 200,000 people were killed between 2003 and 2005.
These atrocities have been called the first genocide of the 21st century.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
| Effacer le tableau
| data-sort-value="Congo, Democratic Republic of the" | North Kivu, DR Congo
| 2002
| 2003
|
7% of Rwanda's total population killed[ Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012.]
| [; ; ; ] Up to 20,000 mass graves, the infamous Killing Fields, were uncovered, where at least 1,386,734 murdered victims found their final resting place. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal found that targeting of Vietnamese and Chams minorities constituted a genocide under the UN Convention.[Precise estimates of the death toll are difficult to determine. The 2005 report of the UN's Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in East Timor (CAVR) reports an estimated minimum number of conflict-related deaths of 102,800 (+/− 12,000). Of these, the report says that approximately 18,600 (+/− 1,000) were either killed or disappeared, and that approximately 84,000 (+/− 11,000) died from hunger or illness in excess of what would have been expected due to peacetime mortality. These figures represent a minimum conservative estimate that CAVR says is its scientifically-based principal finding. The report did not provide an upper bound, however, CAVR speculated that the total number of deaths due to conflict-related hunger and illness could have been as high as 183,000. The truth commission held Indonesian forces responsible for about 70% of the violent killings.]
* This estimates comes from taking the minimum killed violently applying the 70% violent death responsibility given to Indonesian military combined with the minimum starved.
|
(See death toll of East Timor genocide)
|-
| Bangladesh genocide
| data-sort-value="Bangladesh" | East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
| colspan="2" | 1971
|
| Population transfer in the Soviet Union
It is disputed whether these deportations should be called ethnic cleansing, genocide, or something else. Some historians argue that the Soviet authorities acted with knowledge that the conditions deportees would face would lead to mass casualties. Others argue that no intent to exterminate the repressed people can be identified, and that the main motive of the Soviet authorities was to increase security in disputed border areas.
-
Soviet Germans:
-
Crimean Tatars:
[; ; ] at least 191,044 deported in 1944,
-
Chechens and Ingush: deaths
[Wong, Tom K. (2015). Rights, Deportation, and Detention in the Age of Immigration Control. Stanford University Press. p. 68. . LCCN 2014038930. page 68]
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | On average 25 to 35 percent
|-
|
Siege of Leningrad
| data-sort-value="Europe" |
Leningrad
| 1941
| 1944
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Some historians and the Russian government have classified the siege, in which German and Finnish policies led to the deaths of more than 1 million civilians from starvation, as a genocide.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
|
The Holocaust
| data-sort-value="Europe" |
Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
| 1941
| 1945
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Holocaust was the
genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945,
Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
Nearly one and half million were killed in just 100 days from late July to early November 1942,
the fastest rate of genocidal killing in history.
The murders were carried out primarily through mass shootings and poison gas in extermination camps. Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and POWs; the term
Holocaust is sometimes used to refer to the persecution of these other groups. The Holocaust is considered to be the single largest genocide in history.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Around 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe.
|-
| Genocide of Serbs and Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia
| data-sort-value="Bosnia and Herzegovina" | Independent State of Croatia
(now
Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina)
| 1941
| 1945
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Genocide of
Serbs and
Holocaust of Jews and
Romani people within the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), a
Fascism puppet state that existed during World War II, led by the Ustaše regime, which ruled an occupied area of Yugoslavia. The Genocide of Serbs was conducted in parallel to the Holocaust in the NDH. The Ustaše were the only
quisling forces in Yugoslavia who operated their own extermination camps for the purpose of murdering Serbs and other ethnic groups (Jews and Romani).
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
| Genocide of Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks
| data-sort-value="Yugoslavia" | Yugoslavia
| 1941
| 1945
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Genocidal massacres and ethnic cleansing of ethnic
Bosniaks and
Croats by Yugoslav royalists and nationalists
Chetniks across large areas of Occupied Yugoslavia (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Croatia,
Serbia) during World War II in Yugoslavia, on the basis of creating a post-war
Greater Serbia.
The Moljević plan ("On Our State and Its Borders") and the 1941 'Instructions' issued by Chetnik leader, Draža Mihailović, advocated for the cleansing of non-Serbs. Death toll by ethnicity is estimated to be between 18,000 and 32,000 Croats and between 29,000 and 33,000 Muslims.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
| Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
(part of the
Generalplan Ost)
| data-sort-value="Europe" | German-occupied Europe
| 1939
| 1945
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Crimes against the Polish nation committed by
Nazi Germany and
Axis powers collaborationist forces during the invasion of Poland, along with auxiliary battalions during the subsequent occupation of Poland in World War II, included the
genocide of millions of
Polish people, especially the systematic extermination of Jewish Poles. These mass killings were enacted by the Nazis with further plans that were justified by their racial theories, which regarded Poles and other
Slavs, and especially Jews, as racially inferior
.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |From 6% to 10% (1.8 to 3 million) of the total Polish
gentile population.
In addition, 3 million Polish Jews were killed during the Holocaust in Poland (90% of Polish Jews).
|-
|
Romani Holocaust
| data-sort-value="Europe" | German-occupied Europe
| 1939
| 1945
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Romani Holocaust was the planned effort by
Nazi Germany and its World War II
Axis powers and collaborators to commit
ethnic cleansing and eventually
genocide against
Romani diaspora and
Sinti peoples during the Holocaust era.
A supplementary decree to the
Nuremberg Laws issued on 26 November 1935 classified the
Romani people as "enemies of the race-based state", thereby placing them in the same category as the Jews. Thus, the fate of the Roma in Europe paralleled that of the Jews in
the Holocaust.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |25% to 80% of
Romani people in Europe killed
|-
| Mass operations of the NKVD
| data-sort-value="Soviet Union" |
Soviet Union
| 1937
| 1938
| 247,157
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |During the
Great Purge, people from certain ethnic groups were disproportionately represented as victims of arrest and execution.
Although some historians have argued that the victims were targeted mostly because of their ethnicity, historian Andrey Savin writes that "the determinant factors in the choice of the majority of the victims of the national operations were, as a rule, the objective criteria of a "hostile" social past/origin and the subjective criteria of recurrent "anti-Soviet" behaviour".
Multiple historians have published opinions describing the Polish operation as genocidal.
22% of the
Polish people population of the USSR was "sentenced" by the operation (140,000 people)
The German operation of the NKVD has also been described as a genocide.
[The Great Purge in Ukraine
The German Operation of the NKVD (1937–8)
ByVolodymyr Semystyaha, Igor Tatarinov
Book
The Routledge History of Genocide
Edition 1st Edition
First Published 2015
Imprint Routledge
Pages 22
eBook ISBN 9781315719054]
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
|
Parsley massacre
| data-sort-value="Dominican Republic" | Dominican Republic
| colspan=2 | 1937
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Parsley massacre was a mass killing of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic's northwestern frontier and in certain parts of the contiguous
Cibao region in October 1937.
Dominican Army troops from different areas of the country carried out the massacre on the orders of Dominican dictator
Rafael Trujillo.
Many died while trying to flee to
Haiti across the Dajabón River that divides the two countries on the island; the troops followed them into the river to cut them down, causing the river to run with blood and corpses for several days. The massacre claimed the lives of an estimated 14,000 to 40,000 Haitian men, women, and children.
Dominican troops interrogated thousands of civilians demanding that each victim say the word "
parsley" (
perejil). If the accused
Shibboleth to the interrogators' satisfaction, they were deemed to be Haitians and killed.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |As a result of the massacre, virtually the entire Haitian population in the Dominican frontier was either killed or forced to flee across the border.
|-
|
Holodomor
| data-sort-value="Soviet Union" |
Ukraine and the northern
Kuban,
Soviet Union
| 1932
| 1933
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The
Holodomor also known as the
Ukrainian Famine was a man-made
famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of
Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major
Agriculture areas of the
Soviet Union.While scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made,
whether or not the Holodomor was intentional and therefore constitutes a
genocide under the Genocide Convention is debated by scholars.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |10% of Ukraine's population
Over 35% of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
|-
|
Libyan genocide
| data-sort-value="Libya" |
Italian Libya
| 1929
| 1932
|
| +
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Libyan genocide was the
genocide of
Libyans Arabs and the systematic destruction of Libyan culture,
particularly during and after the Second Italo-Senussi War between 1929 and 1934.
During this period, between 83,000 and 125,000 Libyans were killed by
Italian Libya under
Benito Mussolini. Italy committed major
during the conflict; including the use of
, executing surrendering combatants, and the mass executions of civilians. Italy apologized in 2008 for its killing, destruction and repression of the Libyan people during the period of colonial rule.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |% of
Cyrenaican population
Half of the nomadic
Bedouin population
|-
| Armenian genocide
| data-sort-value="Ottoman Empire" |
Ottoman Empire (now
Turkey,
Syria, and
Iraq)
| 1915
| 1917
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Armenian genocide,
carried out by the
Young Turks, included massacres, forced deportations involving
death marches, and mass starvation. It occurred concurrently with the Assyrian and
; some scholars consider these to form a broader genocide targeting all of the Christians in Anatolia.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Approximately 90% of
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire were killed or expelled.
The share of Christians in area within Turkey's current borders declined from 20-22% in 1914, or about 3.3.–3.6 million people, to around 3% in 1927.
|-
|
Sayfo
| data-sort-value="Ottoman Empire" |
Ottoman Empire (now
Turkey,
Syria and
Iraq)
| 1915
| 1919
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | The Sayfo (also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide) was the mass slaughter and
deportation of
Assyrian people/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan province by Ottoman forces and some
Kurdish tribes during World War I.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Overall, about 2 million Christians were killed in Anatolia between 1894 and 1924, 40 per cent of the original population.
|-
|
Greek genocide and Pontic genocide
| data-sort-value="Ottoman Empire" |
Ottoman Empire (now
Turkey)
| 1914
| 1922
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Greek genocide,
which included the
Pontic genocide, was the systematic killing of the Christian
Ottoman Greeks population of Anatolia which was carried out mainly during World War I and its aftermath (1914–1922) on the basis of their religion and ethnicity. It was perpetrated by the government of the
Ottoman Empire led by the
Three Pashas and by the Government of the Grand National Assembly led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk,
against the Greek population of the Empire. The genocide included massacres, forced deportations involving
through the
Syrian Desert,
expulsions, summary executions, and the destruction of
Eastern Orthodox cultural, historical, and religious monuments.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |At least 25% of
Ottoman Greeks in Anatolia (Turkey) killed
|-
| Herero and Nama genocide
| data-sort-value="Namibia" | German South West Africa (now
Namibia)
| 1904
| 1908
|
|
[; ; ; ; ; ]
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Genocide in German South West Africa was the campaign to exterminate the Herero and Nama people that the
German Empire undertook in German South-West Africa (modern-day Namibia). It is considered one of the first genocides of the 20th century.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |60% (24,000 out of 40,000) to 81.25% (65,000
out of 80,000
) of total
Herero people and 50% of
Nama people population killed.
|-
|
Selknam genocide
| data-sort-value="Chile" | Tierra del Fuego, Chile, Argentina
| 1880
| 1910
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Selknam genocide was the
Genocide of the Selkʼnam people, an indigenous people of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago by a combination of European and South American hunters, ranchers, gold miners, and soldiers.
Historians estimate that the Selkʼnam population fell from approximately 4,000 people during the 1880s to a few hundred by the early 1900s.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |84%The genocide reduced their numbers from around 3,000 to about 500 people.
|-
| Circassian genocide
| data-sort-value="Russia" |
Circassia,
Russian Empire
| 1864
| 1867
|
[; ; ; ]
|
[; ; ; ]
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Circassian genocide
[; ; ; ][*
] was the
Russian Empire's systematic mass murder,
ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of the
Circassians population, resulting in 1 to 1.5 million deaths
[Sources:
: "The number who died in the Circassian catastrophe of the 1860s could hardly, therefore, have been fewer than one million, and may well have been closer to one-and-a-half million"
] during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War.
The peoples planned for extermination were mainly the Muslim Circassians, but other Muslim peoples of the
Caucasus were also affected.
Killing methods used by Russian forces during the
genocide included impaling and tearing the bellies of pregnant women as means of intimidation of the Circassian population.
Russian generals such as
Grigory Zass described the Circassians as "subhuman filth", and glorified the mass murder of Circassian civilians,
[Capobianco, Michael (2012). Blood on the Shore: The Circassian Genocide] justified their use in scientific experiments,
and allowed their soldiers to rape women.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |95%–97% of total
Circassians population killed or deported by the forces of
Russian Empire.
Only a small percentage who accepted to convert to Christianity,
Russification and resettle within the
Russian Empire were spared. The remaining Circassian populations who refused were thus forcefully dispersed, deported or killed. Today, most Circassians live in exile.
|-
| California genocide
| data-sort-value="United States" | California, United States
| 1846
| 1873
| –16,094
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The California genocide was a series of systematized killings of thousands of Indigenous peoples of California by United States government agents and private citizens in the 19th century. It began following the American Conquest of California from Mexico, and the influx of settlers due to the California Gold Rush, which accelerated the decline of the Indigenous population of California. Between 1846 and 1873, it is estimated that non-Natives killed between 9,492 and 16,094 California Natives. In addition, between several hundred and several thousand California Natives were starved or worked to death. Acts of
enslavement,
kidnapping, rape, child separation and forced displacement were widespread. These acts were encouraged, tolerated, and carried out by state authorities and private militias.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
Amerindian population in California declined by 80% during the period
|-
| Queensland Aboriginal genocide
| data-sort-value="Australia" | Queensland
| 1840
| 1897
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |Queensland represents the single bloodiest colonial frontier in Australia. Thus the records of Queensland document the most frequent reports of shootings and massacres of indigenous people, the three deadliest massacres on white settlers, the most disreputable frontier police force, and the highest number of white victims to frontier violence on record in any Australian colony. Thus some sources have characterized these events as a Queensland Aboriginal genocide.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |3.3% to over 50% of the aboriginal population was killed
(10,000
to 65,180
killed out of 125,600)
|-
|
Moriori genocide
| data-sort-value="New Zealand" |
Chatham Islands, New Zealand
| 1835
| 1863
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The genocide of the Moriori began in 1836. The invasion of the Chatham Islands by New Zealand Maori left the Moriori people and their culture to die off. Those who survived were kept as slaves and were not sanctioned to marry other Moriori or have children within their race. This caused their people and their language to be endangered. According to Moriori elders, a total of 1,561 Moriori died between the invasion in 1835 and the end of the group's slavery in 1863, with others dying of diseases transmitted by Europeans.
The Moriori population was reduced from 2,000 to only 101 in 1863.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | 95% of the
Moriori population was eradicated by the invasion from Taranaki, a group of people from the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama
iwi.
All were enslaved and many were cannibalized.
The
Moriori language is now extinct.
|-
| Trail of Tears
| data-sort-value="United States" | Southeastern United States
| 1830
| 1850
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The Trail of Tears was the forced displacement of approximately 60,000 people of the "Five Civilized Tribes" between 1830 and 1850, and the additional thousands of Native Americans within that were ethnically cleansed by the United States government.
A variety of scholars have classified the Trail of Tears as either a genocide in and of itself, or as a genocidal act within the broader genocide of Native Americans.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" | Figures for the number of deaths per Native American group that was forcibly relocated can be found at .
|-
|
Black War (genocide of Aboriginal Tasmanians)
| data-sort-value="Australia" | Van Diemen's Land (
Tasmania)
| 1825
| 1832
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The extinction of Aboriginal Tasmanians was called an archetypal case of
genocide by
Rafael Lemkin among other historians, a view supported by more recent
genocide scholars like
Ben Kiernan who covered it in his book . This extinction also includes the Black War, which would make the war an act of genocide. Historians like Keith Windschuttle among other historians disagree with this interpretation in discourse known as the History wars.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |~100%
|-
| 1804 Haitian massacre
| data-sort-value="Haiti" |
Haiti
| colspan=2 | 1804
|
|
|- class="expand-child"
| colspan = "2" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |The 1804 Haitian massacre is considered to be a genocide by some scholars,
[ – Also stated in A contrasting view is given by ] as it was intended to destroy the Franco-Haitian population following the Haitian Revolution. The massacre was ordered by King Jean-Jacques Dessalines to remove the remainder of the white population from Haiti, and lasted from January to 22 April 1804. During the massacre, entire families were
tortured and killed, and by the end of it, Haiti's white population was virtually non-existent.
| colspan = "4" style="border-bottom:solid 2px" |
|-
| Cape San genocide
| data-sort-value="South Africa" | Dutch Cape Colony and British
Cape Colony (modern day South Africa)
| Late 18th century
