In science and engineering, an intrinsic property is a property of a specified subject that exists itself or within the subject. An extrinsic property is not essential or inherent to the subject that is being characterized. For example, mass is an intrinsic property of any physical object, whereas weight is an extrinsic property that depends on the strength of the gravitational field in which the object is placed.
Applications in science and engineering
In biology, intrinsic effects originate from inside an organism or cell, such as an autoimmunity disease or intrinsic immunity.
In electronics and optics, intrinsic properties of devices (or systems of devices) are generally those that are free from the influence of various types of non-essential defects. Sune, Jordi and Wu, Ernest Y., Chapter 16: Defects Associated with Dielectric Breakdown in SiO2-Based Gate Dielectrics. In: Defects in Microelectronic Materials and Devices (Edited by Fleetwood, Daniel and Schrimpf, Ronald), 2008, Pages 465-496, , Such defects may arise as a consequence of design imperfections, manufacturing errors, or operational extremes and can produce distinctive and often undesirable extrinsic properties. The identification, optimization, and control of both intrinsic and extrinsic properties are among the engineering tasks necessary to achieve the high performance and reliability of modern electrical and optical systems. Ueda, Osamu and Pearton, Stephen J. editors, Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices, 2013, ,
See also
- Intensive and extensive properties
- Motivation
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