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Electronic invoicing (also called e-invoicing or einvoicing) is a form of electronic billing. E-invoicing includes a number of different technologies and entry options and is usually used as an umbrella term to describe any method by which a document is electronically presented from one party to another, either for paymenttieto. (2009). The future of E-invoicing, Pg. 5. Retrieved from digitdoc: or to present and monitor transactional documents between trade partners to ensure the terms of their trading agreements are being met. These documents can include invoices, purchase orders, debit notes, credit notes, payment terms, payment instructions, and remittance slips.
An e-invoice can be defined as structured invoice data issued in electronic data interchange (EDI) or XML formats, possibly using Internet-based web forms. These documents can be exchanged in a number of ways, including as EDI, XML, or CSV files.GXS. (n.d.). Lost? Don't Know What to look for in an e-invoicing solution? Retrieved from GXS: http://www.gxs.co.uk/eBooks/eInvoicing/e-invoicing_ebook_uk.pdf The company may use imaging software to capture data from PDF or paper invoices and input it into their invoicing system. Many companies hire a third-party company to implement and support e-invoicing processes and to archive the data on their own servers.US Bank, Scott Hesse. (9 August 2010). Electronic invoice Presentment and Payment (EIPP): Streamlining the Payment Process. Retrieved from nasact: http://www.nasact.org/conferences_training/nasact/conferences/AnnualConferences/2010AnnualConference/CS7_Hesse.pdf
The file extension .INV could be used. The .INV file can be in standards-compliant XML format.
The Accredited Standards Committee X12, a standards institution under the umbrella of ANSI, moved to standardize EDI processes. The result is known today as the ANSI X12 EDI standard.Hill, M. G. (n.d.). A brief history of Electronic Data Interchange, pg 6. Retrieved from BizTalk Server 2000: A beginner's Guide: http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/downloads/products/0072190116/0072190116_ch01.pdf This remained the main way to exchange transactional data between trading partners until the 1990s, when companies began competing. New web-based applications allow for online submission of individual invoices as well as EDI file uploads, including in CSV, PDF, and XML formats. Suppliers could also see a history of all the invoices they submitted to their customers without having direct access to the customers' systems. This is because all the transactional information is stored in the data centers of the third-party company that provides the invoicing web app.GXS. (2013). A brief history retrieved from einvoicingbasics: http://www.einvoicingbasics.co.uk/what-is-e-invoicing/a-brief-history/
According to a 2012 Global E-Invoicing Study, 73% of respondents used electronic invoicing to some degree in 2012, a 14% increase from 2011. Supplier resistance to e-invoicing has decreased from 46% in 2011 to 26% in 2012.The Institute of Financial Operations. (2012). A shift toward e-invoicing ecosystems, pg. 6. Retrieved from baseware: http://www.basware.com/sites/default/files/restricted/2012-global-e-invoicing-study.pdf?rrt=21 By 2022, a leading provider reported a 78% increase in the number of invoices processed through its platform over a two-year period. According to a report done by the GXS in 2013, Europe is adopting government legislation encouraging businesses to adopt electronic invoicing practices. The United States Treasury estimated that implementing e-invoicing across the entire federal government would reduce costs by 50% and save $450 million annually.Bruno Koch, G. (April 2013). E-Invoicing/ E-Billing. Retrieved from GSX: http://www.gxs.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/billentis-2013-report.pdf
Under EU Directive 2014/55/EU on electronic invoicing in public procurement, the EU commissioned the development of a "European standard on electronic invoicing".European Union, Directive 2014/55/EU on Electronic Invoicing in Public Procurement, 16 April 2014, Article 3
In the European Union, France introduced mandatory government-controlled B2B e-invoicing starting in July 2024. This obligation has existed in Italy since 2019.
The primary goal of government-controlled e-invoicing is to reduce corporate tax fraud. Per a research paper published by the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, Mexico's tax-to-GDP ratio rose from 12.6% to 16.2% between 2012 and 2017, driven largely by a 48% increase in revenue from tax on goods and services after e-invoicing was made mandatory.
The Malaysian Government declared in the 2023 Tax Budget that mandatory e-invoicing will be introduced for businesses with an annual turnover exceeding starting in June 2024. By 2027, all businesses will be required to adopt this electronic invoicing method.
The United Arab Emirates announced its e-invoicing initiative in July 2023. The Ministry of Finance plans to roll out mandatory e-invoicing for B2B and B2G transactions by July 2026. This system will follow a decentralized model, initially covering domestic transactions with potential future inclusion of B2C transactions. The initiative aims to enhance tax compliance and reduce administrative costs.
Poland began its e‑invoicing journey by mandating structured electronic invoices (e‑Invoices) for public procurement (B2G) on September 11, 2019, in line with EU Directive 2014/55/EU. From January 1, 2022, e‑invoicing via the National System of e‑Invoices (KSeF) became optional for B2B. On March 30, 2022, the European Commission granted Poland derogation under the VAT Directive to require mandatory B2B e‑invoicing through KSeF. The EU Council confirmed the mandate would begin January 1, 2024, while Poland’s Ministry of Finance initiated public consultation in December 2022 and subsequently postponed implementation to July 1, 2024. Businesses must now integrate their accounting systems with KSeF or use the official API or portal.
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